|
Characteristic
| |
Beverage expenditures as a proportion of food and non-alcoholic beverages expenditure (%)
|
|---|
|
2009
|
2015/16
|
Absolute difference
|
Relative change (%)
|
Diff. p-value
|
|---|
|
Soft drinks (taxed in 2013)
|
Total
|
All
|
1.39 (1.24 to 1.55)
|
1.32 (1.07 to 1.58)
|
−0.07 (− 0.37 to 0.22)
|
−5.2 (− 25.7 to 16.5)
|
0.633
|
|
Age
|
Adults only
|
1.86 (1.43 to 2.29)
|
1.58 (0.89 to 2.27)
|
−0.28 (− 1.10 to 0.53)
|
−15.2 (− 55.1 to 29.5)
|
0.497
|
|
Adults and children
|
1.23 (1.10 to 1.36)
|
1.22 (1.02 to 1.42)
|
−0.01 (− 0.24 to 0.23)
|
−0.6 (− 19.4 to 19.3)
|
0.953
|
| |
p-value
| | |
0.525
| | |
|
Income tertile
|
Lowest
|
1.09 (0.88 to 1.29)
|
0.80 (0.60 to 0.99)
|
−0.29 (− 0.57 to − 0.01)
|
− 26.7 (− 47.8 to − 3.0)
|
0.041
|
|
Middle
|
1.27 (1.05 to 1.49)
|
1.35 (1.02 to 1.67)
|
0.08 (− 0.31 to 0.47)
|
6.4 (−23.7 to 39.8)
|
0.687
|
|
Highest
|
1.83 (1.49 to 2.17)
|
1.71 (1.12 to 2.30)
|
−0.12 (− 0.80 to 0.56)
|
−6.6 (− 41.7 to 31.8)
|
0.727
|
| |
p-value
| | |
0.652
| | |
|
Island
|
Outer islands
|
0.61 (0.49 to 0.72)
|
0.46 (0.35 to 0.57)
|
−0.14 (− 0.30 to 0.01)
|
− 23.9 (− 45.7 to 0.7)
|
0.073
|
|
Tongatapu (main island)
|
1.75 (1.53 to 1.97)
|
1.66 (1.31 to 2.01)
|
−0.09 (− 0.50 to 0.33)
|
−5.1 (− 27.8 to 19.1)
|
0.676
|
| |
p-value
| | |
0.804
| | |
|
Milk
|
Total
|
All
|
0.87 (0.77 to 0.97)
|
1.68 (1.44 to 1.93)
|
0.82 (0.55 to 1.08)
|
94.2 (59.4 to 131.7)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Age
|
Adults only
|
0.81 (0.61 to 1.00)
|
2.02 (1.45 to 2.59)
|
1.21 (0.61 to 1.81)
|
150.2 (64.1 to 251.4)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Adults and children
|
0.89 (0.77 to 1.01)
|
1.55 (1.33 to 1.78)
|
0.66 (0.41 to 0.92)
|
74.7 (41.6 to 111.2)
|
< 0.001
|
| |
p-value
| | |
0.099
| | |
|
Income tertile
|
Lowest
|
0.67 (0.51 to 0.82)
|
1.09 (0.85 to 1.33)
|
0.42 (0.14 to 0.71)
|
63.4 (14.8 to 121.2)
|
0.004
|
|
Middle
|
0.85 (0.68 to 1.03)
|
1.58 (1.25 to 1.91)
|
0.73 (0.35 to 1.10)
|
85.1 (33.8 to 144.7)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Highest
|
1.08 (0.89 to 1.26)
|
2.24 (1.73 to 2.74)
|
1.16 (0.62 to 1.70)
|
107.8 (51.3 to 170.9)
|
< 0.001
|
| |
p-value
| | |
0.018
| | |
|
Island
|
Outer islands
|
0.41 (0.30 to 0.53)
|
0.83 (0.57 to 1.09)
|
0.42 (0.14 to 0.70)
|
100.8 (24.4 to 193.5)
|
0.004
|
|
Tongatapu (main island)
|
1.07 (0.93 to 1.21)
|
2.02 (1.70 to 2.34)
|
0.95 (0.60 to 1.30)
|
88.6 (51.5 to 128.7)
|
< 0.001
|
| |
p-value
| | |
0.020
| | |
|
Bottled water
|
Total
|
All
|
0.21 (0.14 to 0.28)
|
1.31 (0.78 to 1.85)
|
1.11 (0.56 to 1.65)
|
532.5 (230.7 to 906.0)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Age
|
Adults only
|
0.25 (0.13 to 0.38)
|
1.92 (0.45 to 3.39)
|
1.66 (0.19 to 3.14)
|
653 (49 to 1454)
|
0.027
|
|
Adults and children
|
0.19 (0.12 to 0.26)
|
1.08 (0.83 to 1.33)
|
0.89 (0.62 to 1.15)
|
464 (249 to 760)
|
< 0.001
|
| |
p-value
| | |
0.309
| | |
|
Income tertile
|
Lowest
|
0.09 (0.05 to 0.14)
|
0.73 (0.50 to 0.95)
|
0.63 (0.40 to 0.86)
|
665 (298 to 1218)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Middle
|
0.16 (0.06 to 0.26)
|
0.96 (0.70 to 1.22)
|
0.80 (0.52 to 1.08)
|
507 (159 to 1155)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Highest
|
0.37 (0.19 to 0.55)
|
2.10 (0.87 to 3.33)
|
1.73 (0.49 to 2.97)
|
468 (91 to 997)
|
0.006
|
|
p-value
| | |
0.087
| | |
|
Island
|
Outer islands
|
0.01 (0.01 to 0.02)
|
0.44 (0.31 to 0.56)
|
0.42 (0.30 to 0.55)
|
2811 (1188 to 5724)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Tongatapu (main island)
|
0.29 (0.20 to 0.39)
|
1.66 (0.92 to 2.40)
|
1.37 (0.62 to 2.12)
|
464 (177 to 817)
|
< 0.001
|
| |
p-value
| | |
0.015
| | |
- Note: See the footnote to Table 3
