Characteristic | Purchasing prevalence (% households) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2009 | 2015/16 | Absolute difference | Relative change (%) | Diff. p-value | |||
Soft drinks (taxed in 2013) | Total | All | 51.3 (48.3 to 54.3) | 40.4 (37.3 to 43.5) | −10.9 (−15.2 to −6.5) | −21.2 (−28.7 to − 13.4) | < 0.001 |
Age | Adults only | 45.8 (41.3 to 50.4) | 34.4 (28.2 to 40.6) | −11.4 (−19.1 to −3.7) | −24.9 (−40.1 to −9.0) | 0.004 | |
Adults and children | 53.2 (49.7 to 56.7) | 42.8 (39.1 to 46.4) | −10.5 (−15.5 to −5.4) | −19.6 (−28.1 to − 10.8) | < 0.001 | ||
p-value | 0.835 | ||||||
Income tertile | Lowest | 46.9 (42.0 to 51.7) | 32.6 (27.2 to 38.0) | −14.3 (−21.5 to −7.0) | −30.4 (−43.6 to − 16.5) | < 0.001 | |
Middle | 51.0 (46.8 to 55.1) | 45.5 (40.7 to 50.2) | −5.5 (−11.9 to 0.8) | − 10.8 (−22.4 to 1.3) | 0.087 | ||
Highest | 56.0 (51.6 to 60.3) | 41.8 (37.1 to 46.5) | −14.1 (−20.6 to −7.7) | −25.3 (−35.3 to − 14.8) | < 0.001 | ||
p-value | 0.980 | ||||||
Island | Outer islands | 35.1 (30.7 to 39.5) | 23.1 (18.5 to 27.7) | −12.0 (−18.3 to −5.6) | −34.1 (−49.1 to − 18.0) | < 0.001 | |
Tongatapu (main island) | 58.6 (54.7 to 62.4) | 47.2 (43.3 to 51.2) | −11.3 (−16.9 to −5.8) | −19.4 (−27.8 to −10.6) | < 0.001 | ||
p-value | 0.886 | ||||||
Milk | Total | All | 29.9 (27.3 to 32.4) | 44.5 (40.7 to 48.4) | 14.6 (10.0 to 19.3) | 49.0 (31.3 to 67.8) | < 0.001 |
Age | Adults only | 26.3 (22.1 to 30.4) | 39.7 (33.8 to 45.7) | 13.4 (6.2 to 20.7) | 51.2 (19.9 to 86.4) | < 0.001 | |
Adults and children | 31.1 (28.0 to 34.3) | 46.4 (42.1 to 50.7) | 15.2 (9.9 to 20.5) | 48.9 (29.3 to 70.0) | < 0.001 | ||
p-value | 0.698 | ||||||
Income tertile | Lowest | 22.9 (19.5 to 26.3) | 36.2 (30.6 to 41.9) | 13.3 (6.7 to 19.9) | 58.0 (25.7 to 93.9) | < 0.001 | |
Middle | 30.9 (26.7 to 35.1) | 46.0 (40.5 to 51.4) | 15.0 (8.2 to 21.9) | 48.6 (23.2 to 76.9) | < 0.001 | ||
Highest | 35.8 (32.1 to 39.5) | 49.6 (43.4 to 55.8) | 13.8 (6.6 to 21.1) | 38.7 (16.9 to 62.1) | < 0.001 | ||
p-value | 0.913 | ||||||
Island | Outer islands | 18.8 (15.1 to 22.5) | 27.3 (23.2 to 31.3) | 8.5 (2.9 to 14.0) | 44.9 (11.5 to 84.2) | 0.003 | |
Tongatapu (main island) | 34.8 (31.5 to 38.2) | 51.3 (46.3 to 56.3) | 16.4 (10.4 to 22.5) | 47.2 (27.7 to 68.1) | < 0.001 | ||
p-value | 0.055 | ||||||
Bottled water | Total | All | 10.4 (8.7 to 12.1) | 35.0 (31.5 to 38.4) | 24.6 (20.7 to 28.4) | 236.5 (176.3 to 306.0) | < 0.001 |
Age | Adults only | 9.4 (6.8 to 12.0) | 31.9 (25.5 to 38.2) | 22.5 (15.7 to 29.4) | 240 (135 to 375) | < 0.001 | |
Adults and children | 10.8 (8.7 to 12.8) | 36.2 (32.6 to 39.8) | 25.4 (21.3 to 29.5) | 236 (169 to 316) | < 0.001 | ||
p-value | 0.477 | ||||||
Income tertile | Lowest | 6.2 (4.1 to 8.3) | 28.4 (23.5 to 33.2) | 22.1 (16.8 to 27.4) | 355 (203 to 563) | < 0.001 | |
Middle | 9.7 (6.7 to 12.6) | 33.5 (28.5 to 38.5) | 23.8 (18.0 to 29.6) | 246 (141 to 385) | < 0.001 | ||
Highest | 15.3 (12.1 to 18.4) | 41.5 (36.1 to 47.0) | 26.3 (20.0 to 32.6) | 172 (111 to 246) | < 0.001 | ||
p-value | 0.324 | ||||||
Island | Outer islands | 2.0 (1.0 to 3.1) | 19.3 (15.6 to 23.0) | 17.2 (13.4 to 21.1) | 849 (399 to 1606) | < 0.001 | |
Tongatapu (main island) | 14.2 (11.7 to 16.6) | 41.2 (36.7 to 45.7) | 27.0 (21.9 to 32.1) | 191 (136 to 255) | < 0.001 | ||
p-value | 0.003 |