Table 1 Changes in characteristics of the Tonga Household Income and Expenditure Survey samples, 2009 to 2015/16
Characteristic | 2009 | 2015/16 | Difference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % or mean (95% CI) | n | % or mean (95% CI) | [percentage points (95% CI), absolute difference] | ||
Total households | Sum | 1982 | 100 | 1800 | 100 | |
Household age composition | Adults only | 519 | 26.2 (24.1 to 28.3) | 506 | 28.1 (25.6 to 30.6) | 1.9 (−1.3 to 5.2) |
Adults & children | 1463 | 73.8 (71.7 to 75.9) | 1294 | 71.9 (69.4 to 74.4) | ||
Mean age (years) | 29.4 (28.7 to 30.1) | 31.6 (30.5 to 32.7) | 2.2 (0.9 to 3.5) | |||
Mean equivalised household income by income tertile | Lowest tertile (T$) | 665 | 3739 (3595 to 3883) | 523 | 4168 (4041 to 4295) | 428 (237 to 620) |
Middle tertile (T$) | 650 | 8358 (8231 to 8485) | 637 | 8808 (8646 to 8970) | 450 (244 to 656) | |
Highest tertile (T$) | 668 | 21,704 (20,286 to 23,122) | 639 | 21,906 (19,734 to 24,078) | 202 (− 2392 to 2796) | |
Main drinking water source | Bottled water | 39 | 2.0 (1.2 to 2.7) | 144 | 8.0 (5.7 to 10.3) | 6.0 (3.6 to 8.5) |
Tank/other | 1943 | 98.0 (97.3 to 98.8) | 1656 | 92.0 (89.7 to 94.3) | ||
Island | Tongatapu (main island) | 1367 | 69.0 (68.7 to 69.3) | 1292 | 71.8 (70.4 to 73.1) | 2.8 (1.4 to 4.1) |
Outer island/s | 615 | 31.0 (30.7 to 31.3) | 508 | 28.2 (26.9 to 29.6) | ||
Household size | Mean persons per household | 5.2 (5.0 to 5.4) | 5.7 (5.5 to 5.9) | 0.5 (0.2 to 0.7) | ||
Annual quarter | Oct-Dec | 474 | 23.9 (17.3 to 30.5) | 595 | 33.1 (24.2 to 41.9) | 9.2 (−1.9 to 20.2) |
Jan-Mar | 491 | 24.7 (18.0 to 31.5) | 315 | 17.5 (10.5 to 24.5) | −7.3 (− 17.0 to 2.5) | |
Apr-Jun | 529 | 26.7 (19.9 to 33.5) | 427 | 23.7 (16.2 to 31.2) | −3.0 (−13.2 to 7.1) | |
Jul-Sepa | 488 | 24.6 (17.9 to 31.4) | 460 | 25.5 (17.5 to 33.6) | 0.9 (−9.6 to 11.4) | |
Missing | 4 | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.4) | ||||
Household adult obesity | All adults obese | – | – | 579 | 32.2 (28.9 to 35.5) | |
Mixed | – | – | 1006 | 55.9 (52.9 to 58.9) | ||
No adults obese | – | – | 207 | 11.5 (9.5 to 13.6) | ||
Missing | – | – | 8 | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.8) | ||
Mean BMI (kg/m2) | – | 32.3 (31.9 to 32.6) | ||||