Settinga | Contextb | Implementation | ||||
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Implementation Theoryc | Implementation Processd | Implementation Strategye | Implementation Agentsf | Implementation Outcomesg | ||
Mixed comprehensive, secondary school (1700 students) in Wales. Approx. one quarter of students live in England. Lower than the national average in terms of social deprivation Interactions Perception among external stakeholders that restorative practice can work in the school because relatively low social deprivation, with less antisocial behaviour. Also assumption of greater cohesion in family and community groups | Contextual features • International: OECD countries compare academic attainment of school students using the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) • Regional: Wales score the lowest of UK countries on PISA rankings,. Strong policy focus to enhance academic attainment • Regional: Independent curriculum review in Wales. Recommended changes in approach to attainment and focus on promotion of health and wellbeing • Regional: New legislation in Wales “Well-being of Future Generations Act, 2015” sets legislative frame for public bodies to act in a sustainable way that promotes health and wellbeing. Interactions • Embedding of restorative practice as core part of pedagogy aligned with Welsh curriculum review and with new legislative context, but competing pressures regarding academic attainment and school regulatory body targets create opposing tensions and demand • Structures to sustain the intervention requires reflexive practice and adaptability | Diffusion of innovation, where restorative practice initially adoptedby the senior leadership. Recognition that staff and student groups would adopt the intervention at different times and in different ways (e.g. “early” vs. “late” adopters) Theory used to guide and frame experience of implementation over time. Senior leadership use diffusion of innovation terminology to explain process | Implementation process described as “organic”. Started with staff engagement. Moved to re-alignment of school policies and clarification of school values. Transitioned to establishing restorative practice in the form of routines that will sustain the intervention | Funding, training of school staff and students, focus on engagement of innovators and early adopters, use of form tutors to build staff-student class relationship, curriculum review, policy and systems alignment Strategy involves embedding organisational structures that sustain restorative practice (e.g. staff selection, expectation of staff training, the way in which staff meetings are conducted, classroom routines, how the student council is run, expectation of student involvement in high stakes decisions) | Government funding, multi-agency workers, governors, school staff, students and parents | Intervention is fully embedded in the school |