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Table 6 Relationship between maternal related factors and child development effect

From: Maternal pesticide exposure and child neuro-development among smallholder tomato farmers in the southern corridor of Tanzania

  

Development effect

Crude Odd Ratio (95% CI)

P-value

Variable

Total number

Developed n(%)

Not developed n(%)

  

Advice on proper use

 Consultancy

5

1 (73.33)

4 (26.67)

0.24 (0.04–1.25)

 

 Neighbour

37

34 (91.89)

3 (8.11)

9.2 (0.96–11.2)

 

 Herself

25

23 (92)

2 (8)

ref

 

 Retailers

69

48 (71.64)

19 (28.4)

0.2 (0.061–0.81)

0.029

Advice on proper storage

 Consultancy

15

11 (73.33)

4 (26.67)

1.8 (0.3–3.8)

 

 Neighbour

38

34 (91.89)

4 (10.81)

4.49 (1.2–16.4)

 

 Herself

24

23 (92)

1 (4.35)

4.6 (0.98–21.2)

 

 Retailers

69

48 (71.8)

19 (26.1)

ref

0.042

Method of application

 Spraying

44

39 (88.64)

5 (11.36)

Ref

 

 Burning

52

37 (71.15)

15 (28.9)

0.32 (0.1–0.9)

0.039

 Smearing

7

7 (100)

0

  

Distance to farm in km

 < 5

110

75 (66.98)

35 (33.2)

Ref

 

 5 and above

26

17 (95)

9 (5)

4.3 (1.5–11.5)

0.000

Time of exposure to the pesticide in year

 1

2

1 (50)

1 (50)

Ref

 

 More than 1

120

102 (85)

18 (15)

5.7 (0.34–94.75)

0.176

Received training on pesticide

 Yes

24

24 (100)

0)

Ref

 

 No

106

80 (75.47)

26 (24.53)

3 (1.9–4.7)

0.007