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Table 2 Adjusted predictions for outcomes by group allocation and time of assessment (n = 358)

From: Promoting social capital, self-management and health literacy in older adults through a group-based intervention delivered in low-income urban areas: results of the randomized trial AEQUALIS

 

Baseline (T0)

Intra-group changes from T0 to T1

Intra-group changes from T0 to T2

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Primary outcome (Self-perceived health)

 Excellent/Very Good/Good (SF-12-1)a, % (n)

1.53 (3)

3.66 (6)

5.15 (3.34, 6.97)**

3.27 (1.89, 4.66)**

5.01 (3.21, 6.82)**

3.13 (1.71, 4.56)**

 EQ-5D visual analog scaleb

49.97 (18.62)

52.89 (18.49)

8.29 (4.91, 11.67)**

5.49 (1.80, 9.18)**

4.80 (1.09, 8.52)*

2.34 (− 1.74, 6.43)

Secondary outcomes

 Health-related quality of life (SF-12)a

  Physical component, mean (SD)

36.59 (9.62)

36.3 (9.50)

1.57 (0.16, 2.97)*

2.95 (1.41, 4.50)**

1.22 (−0.34, 2.79)

1.36 (− 0.35, 3.08)

  Mental component, mean (SD)

38.39 (14.11)*

42.03 (12.45)*

3.77 (1.82, 5.73)**

0.38 (−1.77, 2.53)

1.13 (− 1.05, 3.31)

0.62 (− 1.76, 3.01)

  Self-management (ASA-R)c, mean (SD)

66.93 (12.07)

69.30 (11.97)

1.69 (−0.23, 3.62)

1.25 (−0.95, 3.44)

2.86 (0.77, 4.95)**

4.09 (1.72, 6.47)**

 Health literacy (HLS-EU)

  Understand medical information, % (n)

25.51 (50)**

15.85 (26)**

−0.62 (−1.10, − 0.13)*

−0.45 (− 0.99, 0.08)

−0.25 (− 0.80, 0.29)

−0.32 (− 0.92, 0.29)

  Find out about activities for mental well-being, % (n)

32.65 (64)

25.61 (42)

−0.45 (− 0.92, 0.02)

0.34 (− 1.17, 0.85)

−0.31 (− 0.82, 0.21)

0.18 (− 0.38, 0.74)

  Assess healthy lifestyles, % (n)

17.35 (34)

14.03 (23)

−0.24 (− 0.72, 0.23)

−0.00 (− 0.51, 0.51)

−0.08 (− 0.60, 0.44)

0.09 (− 0.48, 0.66)

 Social capital

  Extension of social networkd, mean (SD)

3.95 (0.86)

4.04 (0.86)

−0.00 (− 0.09, 0.08)

−0.02 (− 0.12, 0.07)

−0.05 (− 0.15, 0.05)

0.00 (− 0.11, 0.11)

  Low social participatione, % (n)

29.71 (52)

28.66 (45)

−0.23 (− 0.74, 0.28)

−0.08 (− 0.65, 0.49)

0.21 (− 0.35, 0.78)

−0.50 (− 1.14, 0.14)

 Mental health

  Emotional well-being (WEMWBS)f, mean (SD)

52.93 (8.65)

54.91 (9.23)

1.49 (−0.01, 2.98)

0.11 (− 1.60, 1.82)

− 0.25 (− 1.86, 1.35)

0.08 (−1.84, 2.01)

  Emotional loneliness subscaleg, mean (SD)

2.63 (1.75)

2.53 (1.62)

−0.12 (− 0.35, 0.11)

−0.07 (− 0.32, 0.19)

−0.34 (− 0.60, − 0.08)*

−0.41 (− 0.70, − 0.13)**

  Social loneliness subscaleg, mean (SD)

1.22 (1.32)

1.15 (1.22)

0.12 (− 0.04, 0.29)

0.02 (− 0.16, 0.20)

−0.18 (− 0.36, 0.01)

−0.13 (− 0.34, 0.08)

  Depressive symptomatology (GDS-5)h, % (n)

59.69 (117)

54.27 (89)

−1.26 (− 1.90, − 0.63)**

0.03 (− 0.64, 0.70)

−0.95 (− 1.62, − 0.27)**

−0.67 (− 1.42, 0.08)

  Anxiolytics consumption, % (n)

45.92 (90)

37.80 (62)

−0.37 (− 1.16, 0.43)

0.27 (− 0.62, 1.16)

0.54 (− 0.34, 1.41)

−0.38 (− 1.40, 0.63)

  Antidepressants consumption, % (n)

37.24 (73)**

21.95 (36)**

−0.20 (− 1.17, 0.77)

0.83 (− 0.31, 1.97)

1.05 (− 0.08, 2.17)

1.59 (0.33, 2.86)*

 Use of health resources

  Visits to nurse, mean (SD)

6.88 (7.04)

8.72 (9.26)

N/A

N/A

1.72 (0.43, 3.02)**

−0.19 (− 1.64, 1.26)

  Visits to general practitioner, mean (SD)

9.66 (5.55)

9.68 (6.03)

N/A

N/A

−0.36 (− 1.27, 0.54)

− 0.12 (− 1.13, 0.89)

  Visits to emergency units, mean (SD)

1.24 (1.86)

0.91 (1.41)

N/A

N/A

−0.18 (− 0.55, 0.19)

0.31 (− 0.10, 0.72)

  1. Boldface indicates between groups statistical significance at baseline
  2. *P < 0.05
  3. **P < 0.01
  4. aSF-12: Short Form 12 Health Survey
  5. bVisual Analog Scale of the EuroQOL: Range 1–100. Higher values indicate higher self-perceived health
  6. cAppraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale (ASA-R): Range 24–120. Higher values indicate higher self-management
  7. dSocial Resources Inventory in Older Adults. Number of sources of relationship from 0 to 5 (partner, children, other relatives, neighbours and friends)
  8. eEste II Subjective Social Participation Index
  9. fWarwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS). Higher scores indicate a higher level of mental well-being
  10. g11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale: subscales for emotional loneliness score 0–6 and social loneliness score 0–5. Higher scores indicate higher levels of loneliness
  11. hGeriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5). A score of 2 or more indicates depressive symptomatology
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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