Table 1 Characteristics of children at baseline (Phase 3) and follow-up (Phase 4)
Mean age (SD) | Baseline 9.7 (0.29) | Follow-up 12.7 (0.28) | Chi-square test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 5540 | % | % | p | |
Female (girl) | 48.7 | |||
Skipping breakfast | 6.3 | 11.7 | < 0.001 | |
Sleep duration | < 7 | 0.3 | 17.9 | < 0.001 |
(hour) | < 8 | 5.4 | 45.3 | |
< 9 | 46.4 | 29.7 | ||
9 or more | 47.9 | 7.2 | ||
Exercise | inactive | 23.1 | 31.9 | < 0.001 |
TV viewing | < 2 | 63.5 | 52.3 | < 0.001 |
(hour) | < 3 | 25.4 | 27.2 | |
3 or more | 11.0 | 20.5 | ||
Overweight | yes | 15.1 | 15.4 | 0.673 |
Fruits consumption, daily | 37.3 | – | n.a | |
3–5 times/week | 36.4 | – | ||
0–2 times/week | 26.3 | – | ||
Vegetable consumption, daily | 63.1 | – | n.a | |
3–5 times/week | 25.4 | – | ||
0–2 times/week | 11.5 | – | ||
Irritability | rare | 31.7 | 25.7 | < 0.001 |
sometime | 54.8 | 53.1 | ||
often | 13.6 | 21.2 | ||
Unwilling to attend school, rare | 64.2 | 63.2 | 0.069 | |
sometime | 29.5 | 27.8 | ||
often | 6.3 | 9.0 | ||
Interaction with parents, often | 26.8 | 16.4 | < 0.001 | |
sometime | 41.4 | 34.8 | ||
rare | 31.8 | 48.8 | ||