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Table 3 Multivariable adjusted odds ratio for Anemia for mothers 15–49 years, 2005, 2010, and 2015 cycles of demographic health surveys

From: Intersection of HIV and Anemia in women of reproductive age: a 10-year analysis of three Zimbabwe demographic health surveys, 2005–2015

Characteristic

2005 (N = 7417)

2010 (N = 7879)

2015 (N = 8979)

Age-group

 15–19

1.12 (0.91–1.39)

0.89 (0.76–1.03)

1.08 (0.87–1.36)

 20–24

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

 25–29

1.09 (0.90–1.33)

1.00 (0.85–1.17)

1.05 (0.92–1.19)

 30–34

1.23 (0.99–1.52)

0.89 (0.76–1.04)

0.99 (0.81–1.21)

 35–39

1.32 (1.00–1.75)

0.99 (0.86–1.15)

1.08 (0.85–1.38)

 40–44

1.66 (1.28–2.16)*

1.14 (0.91–1.44)

1.05 (0.81–1.36)

 45–49

1.80 (1.35–2.41)***

1.07 (0.78–1.46)

1.16 (0.83–1.62)

HIV Status

 Positive

2.40 (2.03–2.74) ***

2.35 (1.99–2.77) ***

2.48 (2.18–2.83)***

BMI Level

 < 18

1.16 (0.88–1.53)

0.91 (0.69–1.19)

0.89 (0.71–1.12)

 18- < 25

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

 25- < 30

0.80 (0.70–0.91)

0.75 (0.65–0.88)

0.87 (0.76–1.00)

 > =30

0.68 (0.54–0.86) *

0.61 (0.52–0.72)***

0.75 (0.65–0.88)*

Wealth Index Quintile

 Poorest

0.93 (0.74–1.18)

1.04 (0.81–1.32)

1.04 (0.74–1.44)

 Poorer

0.75 (0.55–1.03)

1.00 (0.83–1.22)

0.86 (0.65–1.15)

 Middle

0.87 (0.66–1.13)

0.90 (0.72–1.12)

1.01 (0.76–1.35)

 Richer

1.00 (0.83–1.21)

1.02 (0.81–1.28)

1.04 (0.90–1.19)

 Richest

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

Pregnant/breast-feeding

1.31 (1.16–1.47)***

1.23 (1.09–1.34)***

1.13 (0.97–1.31)

No iron in pregnancy

1.17 (1.03–1.33)*

1.23 (1.09–1.40) *

1.24 (1.08–1.42)**

Location

 Rural

1.33 (1.08–1.65)*

1.26 (1.03–1.53) *

1.01 (0.79–1.28)

Province

 Manicaland

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

1.00 (referent)

 Mashonaland Central

1.36 (1.18–1.57)*

0.68 (0.56–0.81)***

1.11 (0.92–1.35)

 Mashonaland East

1.11 (0.99–1.23)

0.94 (0.79–1.11)

0.99 (0.75–1.31)*

 Mashonaland West

1.31 (1.11–1.54)*

0.61 (0.53–0.71)***

1.21 (1.00–1.47)

 Mat. North

1.19 (1.02–1.39)*

0.75 (0.52–1.07)

1.12 (0.93–1.34)

 Matebeleland South

1.86 (1.65–2.10) ***

1.70 (1.34–2.17) ***

2.46 (2.21–2.75)***

 Midlands

1.36 (1.12–1.63)*

0.89 (0.77–1.04)

1.57 (1.40–1.77)***

 Masvingo

2.23 (1.90–2.62)***

0.63 (0.51–0.77)***

1.02 (0.88–1.19)

 Harare

0.96 (0.73–1.27)

0.70 (0.60–0.82)**

1.49 (1.21–1.84)*

 Bulawayo

1.10 (0.88–1.36)

1.12 (0.91–1.39) **

1.48 (1.26–1.74)*

  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
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