Table 2 Prevalence of Anemia by characteristics for women 15–49 years of age in 2005, 2010, and 2015 cycles of demographic health surveys
Characteristic | 2005, N = 7634 | p-value | 2010 (N = 8169) | p-value | 2015 (N = 9235) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall, n; %(se) | 2882; 37.8 (0.96) | 2305; 28.2 (0.65) | 2474; 26.8 (0.64) | |||
Age, n; %(se) | ||||||
15–19 | 634; 34.5 (1.35) | < 0.001 | 443; 25.7 (1.11) | 0.3031 | 546; 26.5 (1.16) | 0.1956 |
20–24 | 552; 33.5 (1.37) | 470; 28.5 (1.24) | 401; 25.4 (1.26) | |||
25–29 | 469; 37.1 (2.18) | 439; 29.0 (1.32) | 400; 25.9 (1.33) | |||
30–34 | 434; 41.3 (1.80) | 318; 27.9 (1.46) | 384; 25.6 (1.51) | |||
35–39 | 299; 41.7 (2.01) | 271; 29.0 (1.60) | 323; 28.7 (1.45) | |||
40–44 | 262; 44.2 (2.61) | 200; 30.4 (1.94) | 260; 29.0 (1.69) | |||
45–49 | 231; 44.3 (3.27) | 164; 29.7 (2.42) | 160; 30.3 (2.22) | |||
HIV Status n; %(se) | ||||||
HIV positive | 841; 54.1 (1.40) | < 0.001 | 610; 43.5 (1.46) | < 0.001 | 657; 43.7 (1.76) | < 0.001 |
HIV negative | 1949; 33.2 (1.20) | 1590; 24.5 (0.69) | 1759; 23.4 (0.60) | |||
BMI level, n; %(se) | ||||||
< 18 | 175; 41.4 (3.46) | 0.0422 | 94; 28.3 (2.44) | < 0.001 | 90; 28.0 (2.60) | 0.0236 |
18- < 25 | 2029; 38.8 (1.01) | 1565; 30.0 (0.80) | 1567; 27.9 (0.79) | |||
25- < 30 | 458; 34.4 (1.44) | 455; 25.8 (1.19) | 550; 25.6 (1.23) | |||
> =30 | 215; 33.6 (3.14) | 184; 22.1 (1.57) | 261; 23.4 (1.36) | |||
Wealth Index, n; %(se) | ||||||
Poorest | 568; 40.2 (2.59) | 0.0696 | 398; 28.0 (1.69) | 0.4552 | 433; 27.1 (1.32) | 0.0282 |
Poorer | 460; 34.1 (1.59) | 393; 27.2 (1.33) | 366; 23.0 (1.22) | |||
Middle | 507; 36.3 (1.44) | 411; 26.7 (1.37) | 444; 26.7 (1.38) | |||
Richer | 668; 40.1 (1.60) | 535; 29.7 (1.18) | 612; 28.6 (1.38) | |||
Richest | 679; 37.5 (1.44) | 567; 29.0 (1.18) | 619; 27.6 (1.00) | |||
Pregnant/breast-feeding, n; %(se) | ||||||
No | 2093; 37.3 (0.90) | 0.1642 | 1632; 28.2 (0.71) | 0.9818 | 1901; 27.1 (0.72) | 0.2981 |
Yes | 789; 39.1 (1.59) | 673; 28.2 (1.28) | 573; 25.9 (1.05) | |||
Iron in pregnancy, n; %(se) | ||||||
No | 2309; 38.0 (0.92) | 0.3892 | 1789; 29.0 (0.74) | 0.0159 | 1509; 28.8 (0.85) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 573; 36.7 (1.74) | 515; 25.7 (1.20) | 965; 24.2 (0.83) | |||
Location, n; %(se) | ||||||
Urban | 1074;38.9 (1.22) | 0.3455 | 915; 30.6 (0.98) | 0.0046 | 995; 28.7 (1.10) | 0.0221 |
Rural | 1808; 37.1 (1.37) | 1389; 26.9 (0.87) | 1480; 25.6 (0.78) | |||
Province, n; %(se) | ||||||
Manicaland | 269; 30.7 (2.25) | < 0.001 | 335; 30.7 (2.10) | < 0.001 | 250; 21.7 (1.59) | < 0.001 |
Mashonaland Central | 242; 37.1 (2.18) | 184; 23.2 (2.55) | 199; 23.5 (1.99) | |||
Mashonaland East | 221; 33.6 (2.57) | 222; 29.4 (2.06) | 193; 22.3 (1.57) | |||
Mashonaland West | 263; 37.8 (1.92) | 205; 22.2 (1.54) | 278; 25.9 (1.97) | |||
Matebeleland North | 168; 35.7 (2.24) | 109; 26.7 (2.39) | 117; 25.9 (2.45) | |||
Matebeleland South | 165; 45.0 (2.91) | 191; 44.6 (2.35) | 173; 43.1 (1.88) | |||
Midlands | 425; 37.7 (1.84) | 309; 29.9 (1.97) | 367; 31.2 (2.29) | |||
Masvingo | 496; 47.5 (3.59) | 185; 22.4 (1.98) | 260; 23.1 (1.64) | |||
Harare | 418; 35.6 (1.83) | 403; 27.2 (1.38) | 447; 29.9 (1.78) | |||
Bulawayo | 215; 38.0 (1.91) | 162; 37.9 (2.09) | 160; 29.4 (1.90) | |||