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Table 3 Social class (income, education, classification of occupation) and health behaviors

From: Social gradient in health-related quality of life among urban middle-age residents in Limassol, Cyprus: research article

 

Income

Education

Classification of occupation

< 1000

1001–1500

1501–2000

2001–2500

3000–5000

> 5000

None

Primary

Secondary-Lower

Secondary-Upper

Undergraduate

Postgraduate

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

Smoking

      

42.3%

51.8%

55%

68.5%

74.1%

    

< 1 pack years of smoking

55.6%

52.1%

64.7%

62.3%

67.5%

54.5%

0%

14.3%

10.5%

13%

7.4%

35.3%

60.2%

50.5%

70.4%

1–25 pack years of smoking

9.5%

12%

7.6%

10.4%

17.5%

15.2%

26.9%

16.1%

19.9%

11.6%

11.1%

17.6%

13%

8.1%

14.1%

> 25 > 50 pack years of smoking

14.3%

20.5%

16%

14.3%

15%

15.2%

30.8%

17.9%

14.7%

6.8%

7.4%

35.3%

17.9%

25.3%

7%

> 50 pack years of smoking

20.6%

15.4%

11.8%

13%

0%

15.2%

0.006

    

11.8%

8.9%

16.2%

8.5%

p- value

0.36

          

0.02

   

Alcohol consumption

      

7.7%

3.6%

2.6%

4.1%

0%

    

Often or daily

1.6%

3.4%

4.2%

1.3%

5%

6.1%

3.8%

14.3%

10.5%

8.2%

7.4%

0%

4.1%

6.1%

1.4%

1–2 times a week

7.9%

10.3%

12.6%

9.1%

5%

6.1%

23.1%

12.5%

20.9%

30.1%

18.5%

11.8%

12.2%

8.1%

12.7%

2–3 times a month

15.9%

21.4%

26.1%

31.2%

20%

21.2%

30.8%

19.6%

46.1%

44.5%

55.6%

35.3%

24.4%

25.3%

25.4%

Almost once a month

31.7%

33.3%

46.2%

44.2%

50%

54.5%

34.6%

50%

19.9%

13%

18.5%

29.4%

45.5%

45.5%

47.9%

Hardly any or no

42.9%

31.6%

10.9%

14.3%

20%

12.1%

< 0.001

    

23.5%

13.8%

15.2%

12.7%

p- value

0.002

          

0.85

   

Physical activity

      

69.2%

61.8%

47.4%

39%

40.7%

    

Low intensity

69.4%

48.3%

42%

44.2%

35%

51.5%

23.1%

23.6%

31.6%

48.6%

48.1%

47.1%

41.5%

47.5%

38%

Moderate intensity

22.6%

34.5%

39.5%

39%

47.5%

36.4%

7.7%

14.5%

21.1%

12.3%

11.1%

29.4%

37.4%

31.3%

47.9%

Vigorous intensity

8.1%

17.2%

18.5%

16.9%

17.5%

12.1%

0.001

    

23.5%

21.1%

21.2%

14.1%

p- value

0.07

          

0.43

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