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Table 3 Estimated societal costs of problem gambling in Sweden in 2018 (million €). Sums do not sum up due to rounding

From: The societal costs of problem gambling in Sweden

Type of cost

Estimated costs (million €)

A. Direct costs

 A.1. Treatment and care

 

  Treatment of gambling problems

3.82

  Treatment of consequences of gambling problems

71.90

 A.2. Debt counseling and management

 

  Debt counseling

1.61

  Debt management

6.10

 A.3. Crime and legal costs

 

  Police

8.57

  Courts

1.06

  Prisons

2.13

 A.4. Prevention, research, and regulation

 

  Prevention

1.27

  Research

1.24

  Regulation

0.42

 A.5. Other direct costs

 

  Divorce

0.24

  Recruitment

85.56

  Homelessness

n.e.

B. Indirect costs

 

 B.1. Reduced workplace productivity

70.64

 B.2. Absence from work

0.62

 B.3. Unemployment

641.70

  B.4. Premature death

119.14

C. Intangible costs

 

 C.1. Physical violence

 

  Gambler

23.58

  Household members

38.58

 C.2. Emotional distress

 

  Gambler

116.33

  Household members

196.95

 C.3. Harm to crime victims

27.95

Sum of costs

1419.42

  1. N. e. = not estimated