Table 3 Associations between background characteristics and all-cause mortality – results from multivariable Cox regression models; the follow-up begins at baseline in 1991–1996 and ends at an event, death, emigration, or at the latest in the end of 2016
Population (n = 71,447) | Participants (n = 28,096) | RHR | Participants, reweighted | RHR, weighted analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographics | |||||
Age | |||||
40–45 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | ||
46–50 | 1.27 (1.17–1.37) | 1.21 (1.04–1.41) | 0.95 | 1.18 (1.01–1.39) | 0.93 |
51–55 | 1.95 (1.81–2.10) | 2.02 (1.74–2.34) | 1.04 | 1.96 (1.68–2.29) | 1.01 |
56–60 | 3.16 (2.93–3.40) | 3.41 (2.94–3.95) | 1.08 | 3.37 (2.90–3.92) | 1.07 |
61–64 | 4.33 (4.01–4.67) | 5.03 (4.34–5.83) | 1.16 | 5.07 (4.36–5.90) | 1.17 |
65–67 | 6.51 (6.01–7.05) | 7.72 (6.61–9.02) | 1.19 | 7.84 (6.68–9.20) | 1.20 |
Female | 0.56 (0.55–0.58) | 0.56 (0.54–0.59) | 1.00 | 0.57 (0.54–0.59) | 1.01 |
Country of birth | |||||
Sweden | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | ||
Other Nordic | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 1.01 (0.92–1.12) | 0.98 | 1.02 (0.93–1.13) | 0.99 |
Other EU15 | 0.80 (0.74–0.86) | 0.82 (0.71–0.94) | 1.02 | 0.83 (0.72–0.96) | 1.05 |
Other EU | 0.88 (0.83–0.94) | 0.79 (0.68–0.91) | 0.90 | 0.81 (0.69–0.93) | 0.92 |
Other Europe | 0.87 (0.83–0.93) | 0.88 (0.73–1.06) | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.76–1.11) | 1.03 |
Outside Europe | 0.79 (0.72–0.85) | 0.68 (0.52–0.88) | 0.86 | 0.68 (0.53–0.88) | 0.87 |
Civil status | |||||
Married | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | ||
Unmarried | 1.46 (1.41–1.51) | 1.42 (1.32–1.53) | 0.98 | 1.39 (1.29–1.50) | 0.95 |
Divorced | 1.38 (1.34–1.42) | 1.32 (1.25–1.39) | 0.96 | 1.32 (1.25–1.40) | 0.96 |
Widowed | 1.31 (1.26–1.37) | 1.26 (1.18–1.36) | 0.96 | 1.26 (1.17–1.35) | 0.96 |
Education | |||||
Primary | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | ||
Short secondary | 0.92 (0.89–0.94) | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 1.05 | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 1.05 |
Long secondary | 0.88 (0.85–0.92) | 0.94 (0.88–1.00) | 1.06 | 0.93 (0.87–1.00) | 1.06 |
Tertiary | 0.78 (0.75–0.81) | 0.84 (0.79–0.89) | 1.08 | 0.84 (0.79–0.90) | 1.09 |
Employment status | |||||
Employed | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | ||
Unemployed | 1.18 (1.12–1.25) | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | 0.93 | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | 0.93 |
Sickness absence | 1.41 (1.34–1.49) | 1.41 (1.28–1.55) | 1.00 | 1.43 (1.29–1.58) | 1.01 |
Retired | 1.61 (1.56–1.67) | 1.60 (1.51–1.70) | 0.99 | 1.58 (1.49–1.69) | 0.98 |
Disposable income | |||||
Quintile 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | ||
Quintile 2 | 0.97 (0.93–1.00) | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | 1.04 | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | 1.04 |
Quintile 3 | 0.88 (0.84–0.91) | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | 1.07 | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | 1.07 |
Quintile 4 | 0.81 (0.78–0.85) | 0.92 (0.86–0.99) | 1.13 | 0.93 (0.86–1.00) | 1.14 |
Quintile 5 | 0.71 (0.68–0.74) | 0.81 (0.75–0.88) | 1.14 | 0.82 (0.75–0.89) | 1.16 |
Disease history | |||||
Circulatory | 1.50 (1.45–1.55) | 1.46 (1.37–1.55) | 0.97 | 1.48 (1.39–1.58) | 0.99 |
Diabetes | 2.41 (2.23–2.60) | 2.68 (2.30–3.13) | 1.11 | 2.66 (2.29–3.08) | 1.10 |
Neoplasms | 1.56 (1.49–1.63) | 1.53 (1.42–1.66) | 0.98 | 1.53 (1.40–1.67) | 0.98 |
Respiratory | 1.64 (1.55–1.73) | 1.47 (1.32–1.64) | 0.90 | 1.50 (1.33–1.70) | 0.92 |
Digestive | 1.16 (1.12–1.21) | 1.15 (1.07–1.23) | 0.99 | 1.14 (1.07–1.23) | 0.98 |
Mental | 1.92 (1.83–2.01) | 2.19 (1.96–2.45) | 1.14 | 2.23 (1.95–2.56) | 1.16 |
R2 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.38 | ||