Table 6 Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of socio-demographic and environmental factors associated with childhood diarrhoea in India, NFHS-4 (2015–16)
Characteristics | Crude OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic | ||||||
Place of residence | ||||||
Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Rural | 1.18* | 1.14 | 1.22 | 1.05* | 1.01 | 1.09 |
Caste | ||||||
Scheduled caste | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Scheduled tribe | 0.83* | 0.78 | 0.87 | 0.83* | 0.79 | 0.89 |
Other backward classes | 1.00 | 0.96 | 1.04 | 0.97 | 0.93 | 1.01 |
Others | 0.91* | 0.87 | 0.95 | 0.92* | 0.88 | 0.97 |
Religion | ||||||
Hindu | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Muslim | 1.09* | 1.05 | 1.13 | 1.18* | 1.13 | 1.24 |
Others | 0.79* | 0.73 | 0.85 | 1.07 | 0.99 | 1.16 |
Maternal education | ||||||
Illiterate/primary | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Secondary and above | 0.91* | 0.88 | 0.93 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.05 |
Maternal age in years | ||||||
15–24 | 1.00 | – | – | – | ||
25–34 | 0.77* | 0.75 | 0.80 | – | – | – |
35–49 | 0.73* | 0.69 | 0.77 | – | – | – |
Maternal BMI | ||||||
Underweight | 1.11* | 1.08 | 1.15 | – | – | – |
Normal | 1.00 | – | – | – | ||
Overweight/Obese | 0.87* | 0.83 | 0.91 | – | – | – |
Access to mass media | ||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 0.82* | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.98 | 0.94 | 1.02 |
Wealth quintile | ||||||
Poorest | 1.00 | |||||
Poorer | 0.92* | 0.88 | 0.96 | – | – | – |
Middle | 0.90* | 0.86 | 0.93 | – | – | – |
Richer | 0.82* | 0.78 | 0.85 | – | – | – |
Richest | 0.74* | 0.71 | 0.78 | – | – | – |
Region | ||||||
North | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Central | 1.71* | 1.63 | 1.79 | 1.61* | 1.52 | 1.70 |
East | 1.09* | 1.03 | 1.14 | 1.02 | 0.97 | 1.08 |
Northeast | 0.49* | 0.44 | 0.55 | 0.49* | 0.43 | 0.56 |
West | 1.05 | 0.99 | 1.11 | 1.08* | 1.01 | 1.15 |
South | 0.79* | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.80* | 0.75 | 0.85 |
Age of child in months | ||||||
0–11 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
12–23 | 0.95* | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.96* | 0.92 | 1.00 |
24–35 | 0.57* | 0.55 | 0.60 | 0.58* | 0.55 | 0.61 |
36–47 | 0.38* | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.39* | 0.37 | 0.41 |
48–59 | 0.30* | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.29* | 0.28 | 0.31 |
Sex of child | ||||||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Female | 0.93* | 0.91 | 0.96 | 0.92* | 0.89 | 0.95 |
Birth order | ||||||
1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
2–3 | 1.07* | 1.03 | 1.10 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.05 |
4+ | 1.22* | 1.17 | 1.27 | 1.02 | 0.97 | 1.07 |
Birth weight | ||||||
Low birth weight | 1.19* | 1.15 | 1.24 | – | – | – |
Normal | 1.00 | – | – | – | ||
Environmental | ||||||
Availability of toilet facility | ||||||
No facility | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Facility | 0.82* | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 1.02 |
Sources of drinking water | ||||||
Unimproved | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Improved | 1.17* | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.03 | 0.98 | 1.09 |
Child stool disposal | ||||||
Safe | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Not safe | 1.32* | 1.28 | 1.36 | 1.06* | 1.02 | 1.11 |
Main floor material | ||||||
Dirt | 1.28* | 1.25 | 1.32 | 1.08* | 1.03 | 1.12 |
Non-dirt | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Main roof material | ||||||
Thatch | 1.21* | 1.16 | 1.25 | 1.08* | 1.04 | 1.13 |
Metal/concrete | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||