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Table 4 Multi-level models examining association of relative wealth and 1) systolic blood pressure and 2) diastolic blood pressure

From: The prevalence of hypertension and its distribution by sociodemographic factors in Central Mozambique: a cross sectional study

 

Systolic blood pressure

Diastolic blood pressure

Model 1

p

Model 2

p

Model 3

p

Model 4

p

n = 2190

n = 2185

n = 2190

n = 2185

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

Rural residence

−3.97 (−5.62 to −2.32)

< 0.001

−1.48 (− 3.46 to 0.5)

0.144

−4.08 (−5.25 to − 2.9)

< 0.001

−1.93 (− 3.33 to −0.53)

0.007

Age

30–39

1.36 (− 0.47 to 3.2)

0.146

1.16 (− 0.67 to 2.99)

0.214

2.87 (1.57 to 4.17)

< 0.001

2.69 (1.4 to 3.99)

< 0.001

40–49

4.49 (2.17 to 6.8)

< 0.001

4.2 (1.89 to 6.51)

< 0.001

4.76 (3.12 to 6.41)

< 0.001

4.61 (2.98 to 6.25)

< 0.001

50–59

10.09 (7.18 to 13)

< 0.001

9.88 (6.98 to 12.78)

< 0.001

6.08 (4.01 to 8.15)

< 0.001

5.87 (3.82 to 7.93)

< 0.001

60 and above

17.64 (14.23 to 21.05)

< 0.001

17.4 (14 to 20.79)

< 0.001

8.82 (6.4 to 11.24)

< 0.001

8.62 (6.22 to 11.02)

< 0.001

Gender (women)

−1.61 (− 3.21 to − 0.01)

0.049

− 2.22 (− 3.83 to − 0.61)

0.007

0.15 (− 0.99 to 1.28)

0.801

−0.41 (− 1.55 to 0.73)

0.482

BMI (kg/m2)

0.69 (0.49 to 0.89)

< 0.001

0.61 (0.41 to 0.82)

< 0.001

0.49 (0.35 to 0.63)

< 0.001

0.42 (0.28 to 0.56)

< 0.001

Education

secondary

− 0.50 (− 2.27 to 1.28)

0.583

−1.8 (− 3.65 to 0.06)

0.058

1.37 (0.11 to 2.63)

0.034

0.18 (− 1.14 to 1.49)

0.791

above secondary

0.96 (−2.89 to 4.81)

0.626

−0.83 (− 4.75 to 3.1)

0.68

2.96 (0.22 to 5.7)

0.034

1.35 (− 1.42 to 4.13)

0.341

Relative wealth

below average

  

−1.68 (−3.78 to 0.42)

0.117

  

−2.43 (−3.92 to − 0.95)

0.001

above average

  

3.41 (1.09 to 5.72)

0.004

  

2.33 (0.69 to 3.97)

0.005

  1. All models were adjusted for province as a covariate and accounted for household-level differences in multilevel models
  2. The reference group was: 20–29 year olds for age groups; urban areas for residence; men for gender; the middle quintile (average) for wealth; below secondary for education