Polypharmacy | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No medications | 1–4 medications | 5–9 medications (polypharmacy) | 10+ medications (heightened polypharmacy) | P Value | |
Number of Respondents | 1720 | 3051 | 1290 | 159 | |
Age, years: mean (s.e.) | 64.07 (0.23) | 66.04 (0.24) | 71.00 (0.39) | 71.02 (0.81) | < 0.001 |
Women, % (n) | 47.3 (909) | 54.5 (1729) | 52.3 (675) | 50.2 (85) | < 0.001 |
Hospitalization due to falls by 2018, % (n) | 1.5 (33) | 4.7 (153) | 7.9 (99) | 14.8 (25) | < 0.001 |
Deaths [by March 2018], % (n) | 3.1 (63) | 8.1 (245) | 19.3 (240) | 30.8 (46) | < 0.001 |
Living alone, % (n) | 23.5 (430) | 28.8 (917) | 36.1 (469) | 38.7 (66) | < 0.001 |
Highest level of education, % (n) | |||||
Degree, | 22.6 (404) | 15.7 (533) | 11.5 (148) | 11.5 (21) | < 0.001 |
Intermediate | 61.5 (1064) | 58.7 (1805) | 46.8 (722) | 46.8 (81) | |
No qualification | 15.9 (252) | 25.6 (713) | 41.7 (420) | 41.7 (57) | |
Poor vision, % (n) | 7.8 (123) | 11.1 (314) | 21.2 (255) | 29.8 (48) | < 0.001 |
Diagnoses and Health conditions, % (n) | |||||
CHD | 0.4 (10) | 4.9 (158) | 28.5 (355) | 53.3 (82) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 0.7 (15) | 8.2 (235) | 30.9 (383) | 47.3 (77) | < 0.001 |
Depression | 3.9 (66) | 8.1 (224) | 11.4 (115) | 18.9 (29) | < 0.001 |
Asthma or lung disease | 4.7 (74) | 14.6 (437) | 25.2 (310) | 53.4 (80) | < 0.001 |
Stroke | 0.3 (6) | 2.9 (92) | 11.2 (142) | 17.0 (23) | < 0.001 |
Cancer | 3.2 (59) | 5.4 (171) | 7.8 (108) | 7.3 (13) | < 0.001 |
Arthritis | 20.0 (411) | 39.1 (1268) | 58.8 (753) | 72.0 (117) | < 0.001 |
Parkinson’s disease | 0.0 (1) | 0.6 (20) | 1.0 (14) | 2.6 (4) | < 0.001 |
Alzheimer’s disease | 0.0 (0) | 0.1 (3) | 0.4 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.055 |
Dementia | 0.1 (3) | 0.7 (18) | 1.9 (20) | 2.1 (2) | 0.001 |
Has 3+ long-term conditions, % (n) | 0.6 (12) | 3.2 (100) | 22.0 (255) | 53.5 (84) | < 0.001 |
Takes 2+ FRIDsa, % (n) | 0 | 30.1 (924) | 85.6 (1100) | 95.3 (151) | < 0.001 |
Difficulty in ADL or IADL, % (n) | 8.6 (149) | 22.1 (649) | 49.6 (582) | 68.9 (109) | < 0.001 |
Limitations in mobility, mean (s.e.) | 0.69 (0.04) | 1.70 (0.05) | 3.58 (0.10) | 5.57 (0.26) | < 0.001 |
Hardly ever engage in physical activity, % (n) | 5.3 (83) | 14.1 (388) | 34.8 (381) | 55.4 (83) | < 0.001 |
BMI value: mean (s.e.) | 27.19 (0.14) | 28.55 (0.11) | 30.37 (0.19) | 31.57 (0.55) | < 0.001 |
Current smoker, % (n) | 15.0 (205) | 12.4 (302) | 13.4 (151) | 21.7 (32) | 0.021 |
Almost daily alcohol consumption, % (n) | 19.7 (382) | 20.5 (673) | 15.9 (227) | 13.7 (22) | 0.007 |
Memory index: mean (s.e.) | 11.80 (0.09) | 10.92 (0.07) | 9.51 (0.11) | 8.40 (0.32) | < 0.001 |