Table 4 Results from logistic regression analysis for the likelihood of underweight in underfive children
From: Planning of births and childhood undernutrition in Nepal: evidence from a 2016 national survey
Variables | Odds ratio | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
Order 1 & < 12 month of IBMFB | Reference group | |
Order 1 & 12–24 months of IBMFB | 1.3 | 0.8–2.1 |
Order 1 & 25–36 months of IBMFB | 1.2 | 0.6–2.2 |
Order 1 & > 36 months of IBMFB | 0.9 | 0.5–1.7 |
Order 2–3 & < =24 months of IBBSB | 1.2 | 0.7–2.1 |
Order 2–3 & > 24 months of IBBSB | 1.1 | 0.7–1.7 |
Order > 3 & < =24 months of IBBSB | 1.4 | 0.7–2.7 |
Mother’s age at marriage in years | ||
< 15 | Reference group | |
15–19 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.3 |
20–24 | 0.9 | 0.6–1.6 |
25+ | 1.4 | 0.6–3.4 |
Mother’s current age in years | ||
15–19 | Reference group | |
20–24 | 1.0 | 0.6–1.5 |
25–29 | 1.3 | 0.8–2.3 |
30–34 | 1.4 | 0.8–2.6 |
35+ | 1.2 | 0.6–2.5 |
Mother’s BMI | ||
Normal | Reference group | |
Underweight | 1.7*** | 1.3–2.2 |
Obese | 0.4*** | 0.3–0.7 |
Mother’s anemia | ||
Not anemic | Reference group | |
Anemic | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 |
Caste | ||
Brahmin/Chettri | Reference group | |
Terai/Madhesi other | 1.0 | 0.7–1.6 |
Dalit | 1.0 | 0.6–1.4 |
Newar/Janajatis | 0.8 | 0.5–1.1 |
Muslim/other | 0.8 | 0.4–1.5 |
Mother’s education | ||
Illiterate | Reference group | |
Primary | 0.9 | 0.6–1.2 |
Secondary | 1.0 | 0.7–1.4 |
Higher | 0.7 | 0.4–1.2 |
0.9 | 0.6–1.2 | |
Father’s education | ||
Illiterate | Reference group | |
Primary | 1.0 | 0.7–1.5 |
Secondary | 1.0 | 0.7–1.4 |
Higher | 1.0 | 0.6–1.7 |
Mother’s education | ||
Not working | Reference group | |
Agriculture | 1.2 | 0.9–1.6 |
Paid jobs | 1.3 | 0.9–2.0 |
Wealth quintile | ||
Poorest | Reference group | |
Poorer | 0.6* | 0.4–0.9 |
Middle | 0.7 | 0.4–1.1 |
Richer | 0.5** | 0.3–0.8 |
Richest | 0.4** | 0.2–0.8 |
Exposure to mass media (newspaper/radio/television) | ||
Not at all | Reference group | |
Less than once a week | 0.8 | 0.5–1.0 |
At least once a week | 0.7 | 0.5–1.0 |
Sex of the children | ||
Male | Reference group | |
Female | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 |
Age of the children | ||
0–11 months | Reference group | |
12–23 months | 1.6** | 1.2–2.2 |
24–35 months | 1.9*** | 1.3–2.7 |
36–47 months | 1.4 | 0.9–2.0 |
48–59 months | 1.9** | 1.3–2.7 |
Place of residence | ||
Urban | Reference group | |
Rural | 1.1 | 0.9–1.5 |
Ecological region | ||
Mountain | Reference group | |
Hill | 0.9 | 0.6–1.4 |
Terai | 1.8* | 1.1–3.0 |
Province | ||
Province 1 | Reference group | |
Province 2 | 1.0 | 0.6–1.7 |
Province 3 | 0.7 | 0.5–1.2 |
Province 4 | 0.8 | 0.5–1.4 |
Province 5 | 1.0 | 0.6–1.5 |
Province 6 | 1.5 | 0.9–2.3 |
Province 7 | 0.9 | 0.6–1.3 |
Household food security | ||
Food secure | Reference group | |
Mild food insecure | 0.9 | 0.6–1.2 |
Moderate food insecure | 1.0 | 0.7–1.4 |
Severe food insecure | 1.2 | 0.7–1.8 |