Table 2 Q statements and Z-scores according to types

 1

I am healthy and can recover quickly from an infection.

−0.91

1.90

− 1.49

0.78

 2

I usually take preventive behaviors such as proper hand washing and wearing a mask.

−1.19

0.05

0.50

1.49

 3

Hand washing, wearing a mask, and coughing manner are important to prevent infections.

0.74

1.78

1.28

1.55

 4

An infected person should visit the hospital immediately to prevent the airborne infection.

1.18

1.51

2.23

1.78

 18

During the pandemic, I am afraid to be with a person who is coughing or wearing a mask.

−0.59

−1.41

− 0.36

− 1.19

 19

During the pandemic, I am afraid of being infected and infecting other family members.

−0.64

−0.95

1.19

−0.99

 20

I have vague fears about airborne disease and no specific idea of prevention.

0.58

−0.23

−0.48

−0.58

 21

Airborne infection cannot be prevented by personal efforts, and caught by bad luck.

−0.34

−1.56

−1.90

−0.49

 22

I won’t go outside and I avoid crowded places during the pandemic.

−1.54

−1.16

−0.36

−1.36

 23

I am not sure about the infection control and will be embarrassed a situation of infection.

−0.03

0.05

0.04

−1.25

 24

I am afraid of people’s attention rather than of suffering from the infection.

−1.06

0.07

−1.12

−0.94

 25

When the pandemic, those who perform thorough prevention measure are high sensitive.

−0.97

−0.55

−1.80

−0.31

 26

The prevalence is the result of people who have noncompliance with personal measures.

−0.79

−0.19

−0.61

−0.28

 27

I had a resentful view that inappropriate management of patients were the cause of spread.*

−2.02

−1.50

−1.27

−1.94

 5

My family is interested in health care and manages hygiene thoroughly.

−0.37

0.02

−0.57

0.81

 6

Hospitals need simulation training to respond quickly such as pandemic infection.

0.71

0.06

1.06

1.03

 7

Compliance and expansion of negative-pressure facilities are required for infection control.

0.32

1.06

0.05

0.80

 8

Well-designed ventilation and operation system can prevent airborne infection.

−0.49

−0.19

−1.01

0.46

 9

Schools should provide sufficient information and education about the airborne infections.

1.05

−0.41

0.77

1.05

 10

It is urgent to improve the hospital visiting culture for the prevention of infection spread.

1.12

−1.29

−0.30

−0.18

 28

The narrow aisle of beds and poor ventilation systems are major obstacles of prevention.

−0.22

0.46

−0.04

−0.61

 11

The citizen should actively cooperate with the measures of national and local governments.*

1.26

0.40

1.37

1.28

 12

Government should lower vaccine prices and expand free vaccination.

1.30

2.11

0.90

1.47

 13

Government should invest more in education/ promotion for the prevention of infection.

1.38

−1.50

0.00

−0.47

 14

Government should make measures to prevent and manage airborne diseases.

2.05

0.13

0.35

0.63

 15

Companies, schools, and the municipal government should supply masks for the citizens.

0.15

−0.94

0.03

0.32

 16

A policy should be developed to respect the rights of infected person.

0.98

−0.12

0.39

0.33

 17

To prevent pandemic, national inspection and isolation system should be set up.

0.81

1.33

1.04

0.63

 29

There is a lack of public’s interest and education on the prevention.

−0.25

−0.23

0.64

−0.02

 30

Anyone who doesn’t compliance of quarantine should be punish.

−0.48

0.12

1.13

−1.56

 31

Government have a lack of policies and regulations to manage infection.

0.09

−0.43

0.48

−0.60

 32

The domestic outbreak of infection is more problematic than overseas inflow.

0.09

1.20

−0.55

−1.10

 33

It creates vague public anxieties that the media provide much information.

−1.94

0.42

−1.58

−0.52