Table 2 Unadjusted HRs and 95% CIs on the association between each potential risk factor and health-related LMM and non-health-related LMM (2001–2008)
|  | Health-related LMM (n = 7713) HR (95%CI) | Non-health-related LMM (n = 3526) HR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|
Childhood SEP | ||
 Unskilled worker | 1.65 (1.46, 1.87) | 1.09 (0.93, 1.28) |
 Skilled worker | 1.60 (1.41, 1.81) | 1.07 (0.91, 1.26) |
 Low-level non-manual employee | 1.23 (1.07, 1.41) | 0.98 (0.82, 1.17) |
 Intermediate non-manual employee | 1.15 (1.01, 1.31) | 1.07 (0.91, 1.26) |
 High-level non-manual employee (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Farmer | 1.71 (1.49, 1.95) | 0.73 (0.61, 0.88) |
IQ | ||
 High [7–9] (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Medium [4–6] | 1.67 (1.58, 1.77) | 1.25 (1.15, 1.35) |
 Low [1–3] | 2.32 (2.17, 2.48) | 1.78 (1.62, 1.96) |
Health behaviors | ||
 Smoking | 1.43 (1.37, 1.50) | 1.31 (1.23, 1.41) |
 Risky use of alcohol | 1.30 (1.23, 1.37) | 1.31 (1.21, 1.41) |
 BMI ≥25 | 1.31 (1.20, 1.42) | 1.06 (0.93, 1.21) |
Low emotional control | 1.47 (1.40, 1.54) | 1.37 (1.28, 1.47) |
Psychiatric diagnosis | 1.64 (1.54, 1.74) | 1.56 (1.42, 1.72) |
Musculoskeletal diagnosis | 1.23 (1.16, 1.30) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.12) |
Employment histories | ||
 Youth unemployment | 1.49 (1.40, 1.59) | 1.58 (1.44, 1.73) |
 Unemployed in young adulthood | 1.95 (1.80, 2.11) | 3.08 (2.80, 3.40) |
 Unemployed in middle adulthood | 1.84 (1.74, 1.94) | 5.19 (4.85, 5.54) |
Health factors | ||
 Long-term sick leave | 4.97 (4.75, 5.21) | 1.76 (1.63, 1.91) |
 Inpatient-care psychiatric diagnosis | 2.90 (2.70, 3.13) | 2.40 (2.14, 2.69) |