Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population, stratified by years of education
Total | ≥15 n(%) | 13–14 n(%) | 12 n(%) | 10–11 n(%) | ≤9 n(%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7327 (15.6) | 6155 (14.8) | 6664 (16.0) | 11,915 (28.6) | 9624 (23.1) | ||
Childhood SEPa | ||||||
 Unskilled worker | 1311 (17.9) | 1594 (25.9) | 2023 (30.4) | 4570 (38.4) | 4144 (43.1) | < 0.001 |
 Skilled worker | 1039 (14.2) | 1265 (20.6) | 1481 (22.2) | 2998 (25.2) | 2162 (22.5) | |
 Low-level non-manual employee | 1083 (14.8) | 809 (13.1) | 781 (11.7) | 1019 (8.6) | 586 (6.1) | |
 Intermediate non-manual employee | 2246 (30.7) | 1366 (22.2) | 1253 (18.8) | 1415 (11.9) | 739 (7.7) | |
 High-level non-manual employee | 1054 (14.4) | 347 (5.6) | 361 (5.4) | 261 (2.2) | 170 (1.8) | |
 Farmer | 473 (6.5) | 668 (10.9) | 661 (9.9) | 1362 (11.4) | 1600 (16.6) | |
 Not classified | 121 (1.7) | 106 (1.7) | 104 (1.6) | 290 (2.4) | 223 (2.3) | |
IQb | ||||||
 High [7–9] | 5000 (68.2) | 3369 (54.7) | 2509 (37.7) | 2058 (17.3) | 867 (9.0) | < 0.001 |
 Medium [4–6] | 2189 (29.9) | 2559 (41.6) | 3526 (52.9) | 7233 (60.7) | 5133 (53.3) | |
 Low [1–3] | 130 (1.8) | 220 (3.6) | 622 (9.3) | 2605 (21.9) | 3610 (37.5) | |
 Missing | 8 (0.1) | 7 (0.1) | 7 (0.1) | 19 (0.2) | 14 (0.2) | |
Health behaviorsb | ||||||
 Smoking ≥5 cigarettes/day | 2086 (28.5) | 2167 (35.2) | 2929 (44.0) | 6183 (51.9) | 5347 (55.6) | < 0.001 |
 Risky use of alcohol | 1027 (14.0) | 909 (14.8) | 1214 (18.2) | 2775 (23.3) | 2343 (24.4) | < 0.001 |
 BMI ≥25 | 263 (3.6) | 318 (5.2) | 393 (5.9) | 841 (7.1) | 820 (8.5) | < 0.001 |
Low emotional controlb | 1753 (23.9) | 1428 (23.2) | 1616 (24.3) | 3539 (29.7) | 3294 (34.2) | < 0.001 |
Psychiatric diagnosisb | 567 (7.7) | 426 (6.9) | 532 (8.0) | 1360 (11.4) | 1336 (13.9) | < 0.001 |
Musculoskeletal diagnosisb | 1229 (16.8) | 988 (16.1) | 1013 (15.2) | 1981 (16.6) | 1698 (17.6) | 0.001 |
Employment histories | ||||||
 Youth unemploymentb | 205 (2.8) | 261 (4.2) | 402 (6.0) | 1795 (15.1) | 1898 (19.7) | < 0.001 |
 Unemployed in young adulthoodc | 210 (2.9) | 241 (3.9) | 231 (3.5) | 992 (8.3) | 484 (5.0) | |
 Unemployed in middle adulthoodd | 576 (7.9) | 642 (10.4) | 886 (13.3) | 2341 (19.7) | 1423 (14.8) | < 0.001 |
Health factors | ||||||
 Long-term sick leavee | 447 (6.5) | 607 (9.9) | 962 (14.4) | 2244 (18.8) | 1918 (19.9) | < 0.001 |
 Inpatient-care psychiatric diagnosisf | 174 (2.4) | 185 (3.0) | 227 (3.4) | 691 (5.8) | 537 (5.6) | < 0.001 |
Outcomeg | ||||||
 Health-related LMM | 670 (9.1) | 830 (13.5) | 1130 (17.0) | 2726 (22.9) | 2357 (24.5) | < 0.001 |
 Non-health-related LMM | 339 (5.5) | 448 (7.3) | 564 (8.5) | 1295 (10.9) | 820 (8.5) | < 0.001 |