Lessons learned from the polio eradication initiative in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ethiopia: analysis of implementation barriers and strategies

Table 2 Barriers to Implementation based on CFIR framework

		DRC	Ethiopia
Barrier Type	Definition	Number (%) of barriers identified (n = 1390) ^a	Number (%) of barriers identified (n = 297) ^a
Program characteristics	Activities conducted to enable polio eradication, including technologies adopted	84 (6.04%)	39 (13.13%)
Process of conducting the activities	How activities were implemented, including planning, execution strategies, evaluating and reflecting, adjusting and engaging	293 (21.08%)	39 (13.13%)
Characteristics of individuals	Characteristics of individuals within an organization involved in polio eradication activities	300 (21.58%)	36 (12.12%)
Organizational settings	Factors related to the organization(s) supporting the polio eradication program	141 (10.14%)	25 (8.42%)
External settings	Political, economic, social, technological, legal, and other environmental factors	572 (41.15%)	158 (53.20%)

Pearson’s Chi² with 4 degrees of freedom = 44.66, p < .001
^aThe structure of the survey allowed a single respondent to reflect on barriers to multiple polio-related activities and also to identify multiple barriers for each goal. The DRC survey reached 550 respondents, who were involved in 1106 polio activities and identified a total of 1390 barriers (1.3 barriers per activity). The Ethiopia survey reached 109 respondents, who were involved in 212 polio activities and identified a total of 297 barriers (1.4 barriers per activity)

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