Table 1 Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births), 5 year periods preceding the survey and unadjusted odds ratio by explanatory variables (n = 7782, weighted)

Region

 Betha

299

3.8

121 [84–158]

2.62^* (1.14–6.01)

 Borkou/Tibesti

30

0.4

99 [59–139]

3.85^** (1.68–8.79)

 FChari baguirmi

395

5.1

171 [140–203]

3.69^*** (1.74–7.80)

 Guera

468

6.0

113 [79–147]

1.53 (0.65–3.62)

 Hadjer-lamis

622

8.0

103 [88–178]

2.91^** (1.35–6.23)

 Kanem

320

4.1

86 [56–116]

1.75 (0.76–4.00)

 Lac

417

5.4

101 [80–122]

1.93 (0.85–4.39)

 Logone occidental

462

5.9

179 [159–198]

2.38^* (1.06–5.37)

 Lagone oriental

704

9.1

187 [151–223]

3.67^*** (1.70–7.91)

 Mandoul

539

6.9

131 [109–153]

2.47^* (1.11–5.49)

 Mayo kebbi est

612

7.9

143 [115–171]

1.92 (0.85–4.32)

 Mayo kebbi oust

445

5.7

123 [96–151]

0.91 (0.36–2.25)

 Moyen chari

388

5.0

139 [111–168]

2.30^* (1.00–5.28)

 Ouaddai

435

5.6

101 [73–130]

1.89 (0.81–4.42)

 Salamat

163

2.1

133 [104–161]

1.00 (0.38–2.62)

 Tandjile

541

6.9

171 [144–200]

2.90^** (1.34–6.30)

 Wadi fira

218

2.8

53 [40–66]

1

 N’djamena

441

5.7

133 [107–160]

2.43^* (1.10–5.34)

 Barh el gazel

106

1.4

67 [48–86]

1.23 (0.49–3.06)

 Ennedi

35

0.5

91 [61–120]

1.68 (0.69–4.10)

 Sila

142

1.8

84 [60–109]

2.06 (0.87–4.89)

Place of residence

 Urban

1439

18.5

132 [112–152]

1

 Rural

6343

81.5

133 [124–142]

0.78 (0.61–1.00)

Wealth index

 Poorest

1584

20.4

137 [116–155]

1.35 (0.97–1.88)

 Poorer

1713

22.0

144 [128–160]

1.18 (0.85–1.64)

 Middle

1629

20.9

122 [107–137]

0.92 (0.65–1.30)

 Richer

1597

20.5

121 [108–135]

1

 Richest

1260

16.2

123 [110–149]

1.50^* (1.08–2.09)

Ethnicity

 Gorane

109

1.4

90 [69–110]

3.89^* (1.20–12.66)

 Arab

463

6.0

104 [82–125]

3.29^* (1.00–10.83)

 Baguirmi/Barma

833

10.7

232 [151–313]

11.28^*** (3.02–42.07)

 Kanembou/Bornou

80

1.0

112 [92–132]

3.82^* (1.17–12.48)

 Boulala/Medego

781

10.0

133 [97–169]

4.67^* (1.32–16.61)

 Ouadai/Maba

275

3.5

106 [82–131]

2.86 (0.85–9.67)

 Zaghawa/Bideyat

631

8.1

56 [27–85]

1

 Dadajo/Kibet

75

1.0

134 [103–166]

4.66^* (1.36–16.00)

 Bidio/Migami

212

2.7

138 [107–170]

4.29^* (1.16–18.80)

 Mounding

218

2.8

77 [56–97]

1.14 (0.23–5.73)

 Massa/Mousseye

203

2.6

140 [101–178]

4.03^* (1.15–14.19)

 Toupouri/Kera

403

5.2

112 [76–148]

1.24 (0.20–7.50)

 Sara

179

2.3

162 [143–181]

5.42^** (1.70–17.26)

 Peul/Foulbe

2169

27.9

143 [113–175]

6.20^*** (1.76–21.88)

 Tema/Assongori

195

2.5

63 [34–91]

2.74 (0.68–11.12)

 Gabri/Kabalaye

123

1.6

184 [127–242]

7.40^** (1.92–28.52)

 Marba/Lele

362

4.6

148 [98–198]

4.03^* (1.12–14.47)

 Mesmedje/massalat

66

0.9

94 [24–164]

5.88^* (1.28–27.02)

 Karo/Xime

116

1.5

186 [135–236]

2.61 (0.58–11.86)

 Achit/banda/kim

289

3.7

141 [111–170]

3.53 (0.98–12.65)

Religion

 Christianity

3307

42.5

157 [141–172]

1.26^* (1.01–1.57)

 Islam

4208

54.1

113 [102–123]

1

 Others

268

3.4

124 [92–155]

0.64 (0.30–1.38)

Educational level of mother

 No education

5137

66.0

124 [114–134]

1.20 (0.80–1.80)

 Primary

1777

22.8

159 [135–182]

1.44 (0.92–2.25)

 Secondary /Higher

868

11.2

111 [86–135]

1

Educational level of partner

 No education

4494

57.7

124 [112–137]

0.85 (0.65–1.11)

 Primary

1514

13.5

156 [140–172]

0.98 (0.69–1.38)

 Secondary /Higher

1774

22.8

126 [108–144]

1

Mother’s occupation

 Not working

3733

48.0

117 [104–129]

1.50 (0.21–11.05)

 Official

50

0.6

107 [8–205]

1

 Sales and services

2624

33.7

154 [141–167]

2.04 (0.28–15.01)

 Agricultural

1271

16.3

126 [107–145]

1.44 (0.19–10.75)

 Manual

104

1.3

108 [50–166]

2.67 (0.32–22.01)

Partner's occupation

 Official

455

5.8

94 [68–121]

1

 Sales and services

1645

21.1

117 [102–132]

1.11 (0.67–1.84)

 Agricultural

4942

63.5

135 [125–147]

0.98 (0.61–1.59)

 Manual

740

9.5

152 [129–176]

1.31 (0.75–2.30)

Size of child at birth

 Very large

1605

20.6

110 [87–133]

1

 Larger than average

2182

28.1

128 [112–144]

1.04 (0.75–1.45)

 Average

2045

26.3

135 [116–154]

1.04 (0.75–1.44)

 Smaller than average

959

12.3

134 [115–165]

1.04 (0.70–1.53)

 Very small

990

12.7

160 [120–200]

1.06 (0.73–1.53)

Sex of the child

 Male

3974

51.1

140 [130–150]

1.32^* (1.07–1.64)

 Female

3808

48.9

120 [112–128]

1

Birth rank and birth interval

 First birth rank

1180

15.1

134 [117–151]

1.64^** (1.18–2.28)

 2–3 birth rank & = < 2 years of birth interval

693

8.9

141 [123–160]

1.18 (0.77–1.79)

 > = 4 birth rank & > 2 years of birth interval

4050

52.1

102 [91–113]

1.11 (0.84–1.46)

 > = 4 birth rank & = < 2 years of birth interval

1859

23.9

110 [95–125]

1

Age of mother at childbirth

 < 20 years

5784

74.3

133 [125–141]

1.17 (0.92–1.50)

 More than 20 years

1998

25.7

122 [108–137]

1

Antenatal care visit

 No

2875

36.9

120 [85–154]

1.05 (0.85–1.30)

 Yes

4907

63.1

91 [74–107]

1

Place of delivery

 Home

6056

77.8

132 [119–144]

1

 Health facility

1726

22.2

127 [104–149]

1.38^* (1.08–1.76)

Delivery assistance

 By TBA/Others

4887

62.8

129 [120–138]

0.71^** (0.57–0.87)

 By SBA/Health professional

2895

37.2

131 [114–149]

1

 National total

7782

–

130 [122–138]