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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants and households enrolled for exposure measurements

From: Exposure contrasts associated with a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) intervention at potential field sites for the multi-country household air pollution intervention network (HAPIN) trial in India: results from pilot phase activities in rural Tamil Nadu

 

Cross-sectional measurements

Before-and-after measurements

Characteristics of participants

 No of women

79

41

 Age in years, mean (SD)

37.4 (10.4)

23.6 (2.8)

 Number of school years, mean (SD)

2.5 (3.3)

7.5 (5.1)

 Primary cook, n(%)

71 (88)

39 (96)

Household characteristics

 Kitchen Characteristics

  Fully enclosed (roof with 4 walls)n(%)

80 (99)

33 (80)

  Kitchen size in m2, mean (SD)

9.6 (4.0)

10.1 (4.0)

  Kitchen height in m, mean (SD)

3.0 (0.7)

2.8 (0.6)

 Kitchen type,n(%)

  Separate building

16 (20)

7 (18)

  Separate room attached to main house

45 (56)

19 (46)

  Main living area in house

20 (25)

10 (24)

 Primary cooking fuel/stove,n(%)

  Biomass

51 (63)

N/Aa

  LPG stove

30 (37)

N/A

 Number of stoves used,n(%)

  One Stove

40 (49)

29 (71)

  Two stoves

31 (38)

11 (27)

  More than two stoves

10 (12)

1 (2)

Other HAP sources

 Main lighting source,n(%)

  Kerosene lamp

4 (5)

4 (10)

  Electricity

77 (95)

37 (90)

 Secondary lighting source,n(%)

  Kerosene lamp

56 (69)

27 (66)

  Other

2 (2)

2 (5)

 Main heating source,n(%)

  No heating

56 (69)

25 (61)

  Cooking fire

25 (31)

16 (39)

Other Sources, n(%)

 Garbage Burning

17 (21)

11 (27)

 Use of mosquito coils

27 (33)

7 (17)

 Smoke from neighbour’s home

30 (37)

12 (29)

 Smoker in householdb

33 (41)

20 (49)

 Incense burning

64 (79)

36 (88)

  1. aPrimary cooking fuel/stove for before-after measurements is not provided as only exclusive biomass users were eligible to be enrolled at baseline
  2. bOnly non-smoking women were eligible to be enrolled. All reported smokers in households were male