Table 2 Quantitative evidence synthesis for quality of life outcomes
From: Exercise/physical activity and health outcomes: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews
Subgroup categories | No of SRs in MA | No of original studies in MA | No of participants in MA | Random-effects pooled SMD [95% CI] | I-squared [%] | Prediction interval | Median effect size [IQR] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of QOL | |||||||
 Overall QOL | 8 | 223 | 18,391 | 0.06 [−0.08, 0.20] | 77.4 | −0.36, 0.48 | 0.13 [−0.07, 0.26] |
 Health-related QOL | 7 | 185 | 14,593 | 0.30 [0.21, 0.39] | 2.8 | 0.18, 0.42 | 0.33 [0.17, 0.45] |
Disease type | |||||||
 Cancers | 5 | 131 | 11,842 | 0.31 [0.21, 0.40] | 0.0 | 0.19, 0.43 | 0.33 [0.17, 0.46] |
 CVDs | 2 | 11 | 858 | 0.37 [−0.09, 0.84] | 28.7 | – | 0.57 [0.26, 0.88] |
 Arthritis | 3 | 77 | 5276 | −0.00 [− 0.36, 0.36] | 88.2 | −4.44, 4.43 | − 0.07 [− 0.25, 0.28] |
 Mental illness | 1 | 39 | 2326 | 0.45 [0.07, 0.83] | – | – | – |
 Respiratory conditions | 2 | 20 | 601 | −0.97 [−1.43, 0.57] | 87.8 | – | −0.46 [− 0.97, 0.05] |
 Others | 2 | 130 | 12,081 | 0.07 [0.04, 1.10] | 0.0 | −0.12, 0.26 | 0.13 [0.07, 0.15] |
Duration of intervention | |||||||
 Up to 1 year | 8 | 103 | 7912 | 0.14 [−0.07, 0.34] | 75.2 | −0.53, 0.80 | 0.20 [0.05, 0.46] |
 More than 1 year | 3 | 169 | 14,407 | 0.11 [0.01, 0.22] | 27.9 | −0.24, 0.47 | 0.14 [0.10, 0.30] |
 Not reported | 4 | 136 | 10,665 | 0.25 [0.10, 0.40] | 56.1 | −0.33, 0.83 | 0.27 [0.10, 0.34] |
Session length | |||||||
 Up to 90 mins | 2 | 53 | 4884 | 0.22 [−0.30, 0.74] | 88.2 | −6.22, 6.66 | 0.46 [−0.25, 0.48] |
 More than 90 mins | 2 | 25 | 2209 | 0.24 [0.11, 0.37] | 0.0 | −0.58, 1.06 | 0.22 [0.10, 0.33] |
 Not reported | 11 | 330 | 25,891 | 0.16 [0.04, 0.28] | 74.2 | −0.21, 0.53 | 0.16 [0.06, 0.34] |
Frequency per week | |||||||
 Up to 5 times | 5 | 59 | 3997 | −0.04 [−0.34, 0.26] | 78.4 | −1.00, 0.92 | 0.08 [−0.25, 0.22] |
 More than 5 times | 4 | 104 | 7535 | 0.27 [0.07, 0.46] | 74.5 | −0.39, 0.93 | 0.33 [0.17, 0.46] |
 Not reported | 6 | 245 | 21,452 | 0.24 [0.13, 0.35] | 38.8 | −0.03, 0.51 | 0.26 [0.13, 0.39] |
Evidence quality | |||||||
 Very low to low | 8 | 124 | 12,431 | 0.15 [−0.02, 0.32] | 63.8 | −0.36, 0.66 | 0.16 [0.10, 0.33] |
 Moderate to high | 7 | 284 | 20,553 | 0.19 [0.05, 0.33] | 81.6 | −0.24, 0.63 | 0.25 [0.06, 0.42] |
Risk of bias (RoB) | |||||||
 Low/unclear | 4 | 97 | 7070 | 0.21 [0.10, 0.31] | 23.6 | −0.05, 0.46 | 0.22 [0.10, 0.26] |
 High | 11 | 311 | 25,914 | 0.17 [0.03, 0.31] | 77.1 | −0.29, 0.63 | 0.17 [0.07, 0.45] |
Overall | 15 | 408 | 32,984 | 0.18 [0.08, 0.28] | 74.3 | −0.18, 0.53 | 0.20 [0.07, 0.39] |