Women, % (n = 901) | Men, % (n = 1762) | χ2 p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Individual characteristics | ||||
Age | 20–29 years | 0.9 | 1.4 | < 0.327 |
30–39 years | 16.6 | 14.4 | ||
40–49 years | 31.2 | 33.7 | ||
50–59 years | 37.0 | 36.0 | ||
60 years and older | 14.3 | 14.5 | ||
Level of education | Upper secondary school or lower | 7.9 | 19.0 | < 0.000 |
Degree from college/universitya | 75.0 | 58.6 | ||
Other post-secondary education | 17.1 | 22.4 | ||
Managerial position | Senior managerb | 13.9 | 27.5 | < 0.000 |
Middle managementc | 15.0 | 17.7 | ||
Middle management/first-line manager | 40.6 | 28.2 | ||
Group leader/supervisor | 21.3 | 19.5 | ||
Expert/operations managerd | 9.2 | 7.1 | ||
Current workplace experience in management | 0–1 year | 23.5 | 17.0 | < 0.000 |
2–3 years | 28.0 | 23.7 | ||
4–5 years | 12.7 | 12.1 | ||
More than 5 years | 35.8 | 47.2 | ||
Lifetime experience in management | 0–2 years | 15.1 | 8.4 | < 0.000 |
3–5 years | 20.8 | 16.4 | ||
6–10 years | 20.5 | 20.9 | ||
More than 10 years | 43.6 | 54.3 | ||
Organizational characteristics | ||||
Work sector | Governmental | 15 | 12.8 | < 0.000 |
Municipal | 29.9 | 10.9 | ||
County council/regional | 6.2 | 4.1 | ||
Private | 39.8 | 67.0 | ||
Non-profit organization/foundation | 9.1 | 5.3 | ||
Distribution of women and men among the staff | Most are women | 56.5 | 24.3 | < 0.000 |
There are about as many women as men | 26.2 | 28.3 | ||
Most are men | 17.3 | 47.4 | ||
Presence of staff members at current workplace who have had depression and/or anxiety disorders | Yes, several staff members | 39.8 | 27.2 | < 0.000 |
Yes, one staff member | 33.2 | 32.5 | ||
No, no staff member | 21.5 | 32.1 | ||
Don’t know | 5.4 | 8.2 |