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Table 1 The concentrations of PET in maize, the associated soil and the irrigation water

From: Potentially toxic element (PTE) levels in maize, soil, and irrigation water and health risks through maize consumption in northern Ningxia, China

  

Cd

Pb

Cr

Zn

Cu

As

Miaze (mg/kg)

n = 45

mean

0.037

0.41

2.36

17.02

1.04

0.17

SD

0.024

0.42

4.21

10.45

0.73

0.24

mix

0.00025

ND

ND

0.84

0.0080

ND

max

0.14

2.66

23.08

39.4

2.57

0.73

C.V

63%

137%

184%

61%

70%

136%

Safe limitsa

0.1

0.2

1.0

50

10

0.5

Over-limit ratio

2%

47%

69%

0%

0%

18%

Soil (mg/kg)

n = 45

mean

0.14

18.16

37.25

138.20

19.61

14.18

SD

119%

38.9%

27.6%

104%

96.5%

21%

mix

ND

0.64

19.7

39.21

2.37-

9.08

max

0.45

35.08

65.74

542.27

77.82

21.24

C.V

119%

38.9%

27.6%

104%

96.5%

21%

Safe limitsb (pH > 7.5)

0.8

240

350

300

200

20

Over-limit ratio

0%

0%

0%

18%

0%

4%

BF=Cmaize/Csoil

0.26

0.023

0.063

0.12

0.053

0.12

Irrigation water (μg/L)

n = 5

mean

0.11

1.12

41.03

0.91

1.60

3.60

SD

0.14

2.01

28.90

0.72

0.82

1.27

mix

ND

0.045

ND

0.095

0.74

2.40

max

0.40

5.90

71.00

1.90

2.70

6.10

C.V

126%

177%

70%

79%

52%

36%

Safe limitsc

10

200

100

2000

500

50

Over-limit ratio

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

  1. ND means not detected
  2. ameans allowable levels of heavy metals for corns in China by GB 2762-2017and NY 861–2004 standards;
  3. bmeans allowable levels of heavy metals for soil in China by GB15618–2018 standard;
  4. cmeans allowable levels of heavy metals for irrigated water in China by GB 5084–2005 standard
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