Evaluation of a multimedia youth anti-smoking and girls’ empowerment campaign: SKY Girls Ghana

Hutchinson, Paul; Leyton, Alejandra; Meekers, Dominique; Stoecker, Charles; Wood, Francine; Murray, Joanna; Dodoo, Naa Dodua; Biney, Adriana

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09837-5

BMC Public Health

Table 8 Multivariate results (ATT) based on the dose-response analysis (base category = unaware and unexposed to SKY)

From: Evaluation of a multimedia youth anti-smoking and girls’ empowerment campaign: SKY Girls Ghana

Outcome	Outcome indicator	Exposed to 4+		Exposed to 1–3		Unexposed but aware
Outcome	Outcome indicator	Marginal Effect	Std Err	Marginal Effect	Std Err	Marginal Effect	Std Err
1. Girls are part of supportive ‘sistahood’	Perception of sources of social support outside the family	0.016	−0.801	0.016	− 0.039	− 0.019	− 0.04
	Perception that friends support their decisions	0.094	−0.083	0.009	−0.041	0.047	−0.051
	Perception of acceptance when saying no to friends	0.012	−0.826	−0.017	− 0.034	− 0.066	− 0.064
	Perception of pressure to smoke shisha (−)	− 0.071	− 0.213	− 0.017	− 0.034	0.054	− 0.048
	Perception of pressure to smoke cigarettes (−)	− 0.096	− 0.106	− 0.028	− 0.04	0.038	− 0.059
2. Girls connect, share, explore issues	Held conversations with friends about smoking	0.087	− 0.128	0.041	− 0.039	0.002	− 0.061
2. Girls connect, share, explore issues	Held conversations with adults about smoking	0.124*	−0.048	− 0.053	− 0.055	− 0.021	− 0.078
3. Girls express themselves through choices they make	Perception of being able to make choices for themselves	0.293*	−0.014	0.130*	−0.051	0.095	−0.088
4. Girls model refusal skills	Perception of confidence when saying no to friends	0.234**	− 0.006	−0.047	− 0.047	− 0.181	− 0.128
5. Reduced aspiration to smoke	Agreement with beliefs that favor smoking shisha^a	−0.014	− 0.811	0	− 0.037	− 0.069	−0.074
	Agreement with beliefs that favor smoking cigarettes^a	0.07	−0.171	0.034	−0.039	0.008	−0.057
	Agreement with the idea that peers can justify smoking shisha^a	−0.128*	− 0.016	− 0.0950**	− 0.036	0.033	−0.055
	Agreement with the idea that peers can justify smoking cigarettes^a	−0.045	− 0.413	− 0.025	−0.038	0.063	−0.056
	Perception that most peers smoke tobacco (−)	0.033	−0.58	0.019	−0.032	0.056	−0.064
	Perception that most peers smoke shisha (−)	0.038	−0.378	0.058	−0.037	0.019	−0.056

Note: 18 girls were deleted from the analysis due to uncommon support
^aEffects on each of the independent components of the index are presented in the Appendix
** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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