Variables | Entire Sample (N = 544) | Willing to use HIVST (n = 405) in (%) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | % | |||
Characteristics of participants | ||||
Age (years): Mean (±SD) a | 30.6 (±8.0) | 30.2 (±7.6) | 0.008 | |
Sexual orientation | 0.001 | |||
Homosexual/Gay/PLUb | 432 | 79.4 | 320 (58.8) | |
Bisexual | 98 | 18.0 | 80 (14.7) | |
Othersc | 14 | 2.6 | 5 (0.9) | |
Ethnicity | 0.001 | |||
Malay | 272 | 50.0 | 220 (40.4) | |
Chinese | 180 | 33.1 | 117 (21.5) | |
Otherd | 92 | 16.9 | 68 (12.5) | |
Relationship status | 0.425 | |||
Singlee | 409 | 75.2 | 308 (56.6) | |
Married/Partnered | 135 | 24.8 | 97 (17.8) | |
Highest educational level | 0.744 | |||
Secondary education and below | 70 | 12.9 | 51 (9.4) | |
Tertiary education (College/University) | 474 | 87.1 | 354 (65.1) | |
Employed | 0.727 | |||
No | 155 | 28.5 | 117 (21.5) | |
Yes | 389 | 71.5 | 288 (52.9) | |
Monthly Income (MYR)f | 0.158 | |||
< 3000 | 225 | 41.4 | 162 (29.8) | |
3000 - 5999 | 189 | 34.7 | 150 (27.6) | |
≥ 6000 | 130 | 23.9 | 93 (17.1) | |
Sexual Behavior Characteristics | ||||
Any anal intercourse with another man (last 6 months) | 0.009 | |||
No | 87 | 16.0 | 55 (10.1) | |
Yes | 457 | 84.0 | 350 (64.3) | |
Condomless anal sex (last 6 months) | n = 457 | 0.190 | ||
No | 93 | 20.4 | 76 (16.6) | |
Yes | 364 | 79.6 | 274 (60.0) | |
Average number of male sexual partners (last 6 months): Mean (±SD)a | 5.1(±12.1) | 5.3(±13.6) | 0.117 | |
Ever engaged in transactional sexg | n = 105 | 0.420 | ||
No | 483 | 88.8 | 357 (65.6) | |
Yes | 61 | 11.2 | 48 (8.8) | |
Ever used recreational drugs before or during sexh | 0.505 | |||
No | 422 | 77.6 | 317 (58.3) | |
Yes | 122 | 22.4 | 88 (16.2) | |
Prior HIV testing | ||||
Ever been tested for HIV | 0.049 | |||
No | 161 | 29.6 | 129 (23.7) | |
Yes | 383 | 70.4 | 276 (50.7) | |
Previously tested for HIV | n = 383 | 0.231 | ||
Less than 6 months ago | 245 | 64.0 | 174 (45.4) | |
6–12 months ago | 66 | 17.2 | 53 (13.8) | |
Over 12 months ago | 72 | 18.8 | 49 (12.8) | |
Ever used an HIV self-testing kit | < 0.001 | |||
No | 407 | 74.8 | 283 (52.0) | |
Yes | 137 | 25.2 | 122 (22.4) | |
Stigma and Discrimination | ||||
I feel embarrassed when people relate HIV as “LGBT” disease | 339 | 62.3 | 262 (48.2) | 0.051 |
I feel embarrassed when peers discover that I am getting tested for HIV | 273 | 50.2 | 223 (41.0) | < 0.001 |
I feel discriminated of being mistreated and judged by the healthcare providers if they know my sexual identity | 374 | 68.8 | 292 (53.7) | 0.004 |