| Intervention (N = 35) | Control (N = 31) |  |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | N | n (%) | N | n (%) | Risk Ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
Primary outcome | ||||||
Self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence at the 12-month follow-up | 70 | 12 (17.1%) | 74 | 10 (13.5%) | 1.06 (0.54–2.11) | 0.174 |
Bio-validated quit rate | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.53 (0.14, 2.04) | 0.179 |
Secondary outcome | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Readiness to quit smoking |  |  |  |  | – | 0.001* |
 Pre-contemplation | 70 | 7 (20.0%) | 74 | 17 (54.8%) |  |  |
 Contemplation |  | 2 (5.7%) |  | 5 (16.1%) |  |  |
 Preparation |  | 12 (34.3%) |  | 0 (0%) |  |  |
 Action |  | 8 (22.9%) |  | 7 (22.6%) |  |  |
 Maintenance |  | 6 (17.1%) |  | 2 (6.5%) |  |  |
 |  | Mean ± SD |  | Mean ± SD | Mean Difference (95% CI) |  |
Average daily cigarette consumption in the past 12 months | 34 | 8.43 ± 9.45 | 31 | 9.50 ± 7.58 | −1.07 (−5.35–3.20) | 0.617 |
Average number of quit attempts in the past 12 months | 32 | 1.69 ± 0.47 | 28 | 1.54 ± 0.51 | 0.15 (−0.10–0.41) | 0.235 |
Importance of quitting | 35 | 87.86 ± 18.36 | 31 | 77.26 ± 18.25 | 10.60 (1.58–19.62) | 0.022 |
Difficulty in quitting | 35 | 69.14 ± 25.25 | 31 | 60.48 ± 26.59 | 8.66 (−4.15–21.46) | 0.180 |
Confidence in being able to quit | 35 | 68.00 ± 26.32 | 31 | 64.84 ± 25.93 | 3.16 (−9.72–16.04) | 0.625 |
Psychological flexibility | 35 | 28.97 ± 3.12 | 25 | 27.64 ± 3.89 | 1.33 (− 0.48–3.15) | 0.147 |
Changes in the secondary outcomes from baseline to 12 months | ||||||
 |  | n (%) |  | n (%) |  |  |
Readiness to quit smoking | 35 |  | 31 |  | – | 0.003* |
 Less than before |  | 7 (20.0%) |  | 19 (61.3%) |  |  |
 Same as before |  | 8 (22.9%) |  | 3 (9.7%) |  |  |
 More than before |  | 20 (57.1%) |  | 9 (29.0%) |  |  |
 |  | Mean ± SD |  | Mean ± SD | Mean Difference (95% CI) |  |
Importance of quitting | 35 | 15.00 ± 24.10 | 31 | 7.90 ± 24.21 | 7.10 (−4.80–19.00) | 0.238 |
Difficulty in quitting | 35 | −4.43 ± 19.81 | 31 | −0.48 ± 20.67 | −3.94 (−13.91–6.02) | 0.432 |
Confidence in being able to quit | 35 | 12.00 ± 25.99 | 31 | 6.77 ± 24.27 | 5.23 (−7.19–17.64) | 0.404 |
Psychological flexibility | 25 | 2.72 ± 3.63 | 16 | 0.43 ± 3.37 | 2.28 (− 0.01–4.57) | 0.051 |