Zambia | 2007, N = 746 | 2013/14, N = 1928 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR(CI) | Adjusted OR(CI) | Crude OR(CI) | Adjusted OR(CI) | |
Overall | Ref | Ref | 2.95(2.47–3.52) a | 2.83 (2.35–3.40)a |
Province | ||||
Central | 0.75(0.31–1.81) | 0.80(0.32–1.98) | 1.93(1.13–3.31)* | 1.98(1.15–3.40)* |
Copperbelt | 0.56(0.25–1.25) | 0.59(0.27–1.30) | 1.69(1.07–2.68)* | 1.98(1.21–3.23)** |
Eastern | 0.31(0.13–0.70)** | 0.32(0.14–0.74)** | 1.41(0.84–2.36) | 1.43(0.85–2.41) |
Luapula | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Lusaka | 0.77(0.30–1.96) | 0.83(0.32–2.15) | 0.95(0.56–1.60) | 1.14(0.66–1.97) |
Muchinga | – | – | 2.56(1.51–4.35)*** | 2.57(1.52–4.36)** |
Northern | 0.75(0.37–1.55) | 0.78(0.38–1.61) | 2.17(1.29–3.64)** | 2.15(1.28–3.60)** |
Northwestern | 0.51(0.23–1.15) | 0.54(0.24–1.19) | 1.46(0.88–2.43) | 1.54(0.92–2.58) |
Southern | 0.60(0.29–1.26) | 0.64(0.30–1.36) | 1.47(0.83–2.60) | 1.53(0.87–2.70) |
Western | 0.66(0.28–1.53) | 0.66(0.28–1.55) | 1.45(0.82–2.56) | 1.48(0.84–2.59) |
Location | ||||
Rural | 0.91-(0.59–1.39) | 0.66(0.38–1.16) | 1.25(0.97–1.60) | 1.05(0.75–1.47) |
Mother’s HIV status | ||||
HIV positive | 1.30(0.81–2.07) | 1.30(0.78–2.16) | 0.86(0.59–1.26) | 0.89(0.60–1.32) |
Wealth Index (Quintile) | ||||
Lowest (1) | 0.90(0.41–2.00) | 1.66(0.64–4.28) | 1.38(0.92–2.09) | 1.19(0.65–2.18) |
Second (2) | 0.95(0.44–2.06) | 1.55(0.62–3.88) | 1.14(0.75–1.73) | 1.05(0.59–1.87) |
Middle (3) | 1.16(0.53–2.50) | 1.67(0.70–3.96) | 0.41(0.93–2.13) | 1.30(0.76–2.21) |
Fourth (4) | 0.90(0.43–1.87) | 1.02(0.48–2.15) | 0.94(0.58–1.51) | 0.95(0.57–1.58) |
Highest (5) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Mother’s age | ||||
< 25 years | 0.78(0.55–1.10) | 0.86(0.59–1.24) | 0.83(0.65–1.06) | 0.82(0.63–1.07) |
≥ 25 years | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Education | ||||
< high school | 0.98(0.64–1.50) | 0.99(0.64–1.52) | 1.18(0.93–1.51) | 1.04(0.78–1.40) |
≥ high school | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |