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Table 5 National and subnational odds ratios for ORS use for Demographic Health Survey Cycles: Zambia 2007 vs. 2013/14

From: Oral rehydration solution coverage in under 5 children with diarrhea: a tri-country, subnational, cross-sectional comparative analysis of two demographic health surveys cycles

Zambia

2007, N = 746

2013/14, N = 1928

 

Crude OR(CI)

Adjusted OR(CI)

Crude OR(CI)

Adjusted OR(CI)

Overall

Ref

Ref

2.95(2.47–3.52) a

2.83 (2.35–3.40)a

Province

 Central

0.75(0.31–1.81)

0.80(0.32–1.98)

1.93(1.13–3.31)*

1.98(1.15–3.40)*

 Copperbelt

0.56(0.25–1.25)

0.59(0.27–1.30)

1.69(1.07–2.68)*

1.98(1.21–3.23)**

 Eastern

0.31(0.13–0.70)**

0.32(0.14–0.74)**

1.41(0.84–2.36)

1.43(0.85–2.41)

 Luapula

Ref

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Ref

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 Lusaka

0.77(0.30–1.96)

0.83(0.32–2.15)

0.95(0.56–1.60)

1.14(0.66–1.97)

 Muchinga

2.56(1.51–4.35)***

2.57(1.52–4.36)**

 Northern

0.75(0.37–1.55)

0.78(0.38–1.61)

2.17(1.29–3.64)**

2.15(1.28–3.60)**

 Northwestern

0.51(0.23–1.15)

0.54(0.24–1.19)

1.46(0.88–2.43)

1.54(0.92–2.58)

 Southern

0.60(0.29–1.26)

0.64(0.30–1.36)

1.47(0.83–2.60)

1.53(0.87–2.70)

 Western

0.66(0.28–1.53)

0.66(0.28–1.55)

1.45(0.82–2.56)

1.48(0.84–2.59)

Location

 Rural

0.91-(0.59–1.39)

0.66(0.38–1.16)

1.25(0.97–1.60)

1.05(0.75–1.47)

Mother’s HIV status

 HIV positive

1.30(0.81–2.07)

1.30(0.78–2.16)

0.86(0.59–1.26)

0.89(0.60–1.32)

Wealth Index (Quintile)

 Lowest (1)

0.90(0.41–2.00)

1.66(0.64–4.28)

1.38(0.92–2.09)

1.19(0.65–2.18)

 Second (2)

0.95(0.44–2.06)

1.55(0.62–3.88)

1.14(0.75–1.73)

1.05(0.59–1.87)

 Middle (3)

1.16(0.53–2.50)

1.67(0.70–3.96)

0.41(0.93–2.13)

1.30(0.76–2.21)

 Fourth (4)

0.90(0.43–1.87)

1.02(0.48–2.15)

0.94(0.58–1.51)

0.95(0.57–1.58)

 Highest (5)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Mother’s age

 < 25 years

0.78(0.55–1.10)

0.86(0.59–1.24)

0.83(0.65–1.06)

0.82(0.63–1.07)

 ≥ 25 years

Ref

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Ref

Ref

Education

 < high school

0.98(0.64–1.50)

0.99(0.64–1.52)

1.18(0.93–1.51)

1.04(0.78–1.40)

 ≥ high school

Ref

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  1. aCorresponding to adjusted ORS coverage proportion of 42.3% (0.37.7–47.0) in Period 1, and adjusted ORS coverage proportion of 67.4% (63.7–71.0) in Period 2
  2. * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001, **** = p < 0.0001