Skip to main content

Table 4 Sensitivity analysis- Racial discrimination measure removing one type of discriminatory experience in turn

From: Racial discrimination and health: a prospective study of ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom

  

Model 1 (excluding feeling unsafe)

Model 2 (excluding avoiding someplace)

Model 3 (excluding being insulted)

Model 4 (excluding being attacked)

Cross-sectional analyses (wave 1)

 Psychological distress

Coeff. [95%CI]

1.22 (0.96; 1.48)***

1.10 (0.87; 1.34)***

1.16 (0.90; 1.41)***

1.11 (0.88; 1.34)***

 Mental functioning

Coeff. [95%CI]

−3.53 (−4.30; −2.75)***

− 3.64 (− 4.33; − 2.95)***

−3.90 (− 4.65; − 3.16)***

−3.61 (− 4.30; − 2.93)***

 Life satisfaction

Coeff. [95%CI]

−0.43 (− 0.57; − 0.30)***

−0.40 (− 0.52; − 0.27)***

−0.39 (− 0.53; − 0.25)***

−0.39 (− 0.52; − 0.27)***

 Limiting longstanding illness

OR [95%CI]

1.82 (1.51; 2.24)***

1.72 (1.43; 2.06)***

1.69 (1.39; 2.05)***

1.78 (1.49; 2.13)***

 Physical functioning

Coeff. [95%CI]

−0.75 (− 1.47; − 0.03)*

−0.79 (− 1.43; − 0.15)*

−1.20 (− 1.90; − 0.49)***

−0.90 (− 1.54; − 0.26)**

 Fair/poor self-rated health

OR [95%CI]

1.59 (1.28; 1.96)***

1.48 (1.22; 1.79)***

1.57 (1.27; 1.94)***

1.51 (1.23; 1.83)***

Prospective analyses (wave 3)

 Psychological distress

Coeff. [95%CI]

0.37 (0.01; 0.73)*

0.52 (0.20; 0.85)**

0.62 (0.27; 0.97)***

0.51 (0.19; 0.83)**

 Mental functioning

Coeff. [95%CI]

−1.33 (− 2.38; −0.28)*

−1.80 (− 2.74; − 0.86)***

−2.14 (− 3.16; − 1.13)***

−1.71 (− 2.65; − 0.78)***

 Life satisfaction

Coeff. [95%CI]

−0.16 (− 0.35; 0.04)

−0.12 (− 0.30; 0.06)

−0.13 (− 0.33; 0.06)

−0.14 (− 0.31; − 0.04)

 Limiting longstanding illness

OR [95%CI]

1.34 (1.01; 1.78)*

1.37 (1.06; 1.77)*

1.34 (1.02; 1.78)*

1.33 (1.04; 1.73)*

 Physical functioning

Coeff. [95%CI]

− 1.07 (− 2.02; −0.12)*

−0.42 (− 1.27; 0.43)

−0.50 (− 1.43; 0.43)

−0.51 (− 1.35; 0.33)

 Fair/poor self-rated health

OR [95%CI]

1.25 (0.93; 1.68)

1.33 (1.02; 1.72)*

1.46 (1.10; 1.93)**

1.32 (1.02; 1.72)*

  1. All analyses are adjusted for age, sex, household income, education and ethnicity. Prospective analyses are additionally adjusted for baseline status/score
  2. Model 1 excludes “felt unsafe at some place” from the measure of racial discrimination; Model 2 excludes “avoided some place”; Model 3 excludes ““was insulted at some place”; and Model 4 excludes “was attacked at some place
  3. Coeff unstandardized B coefficient, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, SE standard error
  4. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
  5. Possible scores on the psychological distress scale range from 0 to 12, possible scores on the mental functioning and physical functioning scales range from 0 to 100, and the life satisfaction scale scores range from 0 to 7