No SA or DP | Low SA or DP | Immediate SA | Episodic SA | Long-term SA | Ongoing part-time DP | Ongoing full-time DP | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | %a | n | % | OR (CI) | n | % | OR (CI) | n | % | OR (CI) | n | % | OR (CI) | n | % | OR (CI) | n | % | OR (CI) | |
Total | 3697 | 58.2b | 473 | 7.4 | 1288 | 20.3 | 373 | 5.9 | 110 | 1.7 | 107 | 1.7 | 305 | 4.8 | ||||||
Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||
Men | 2280 | 61.7 | 228 | 48.2 | ref. | 673 | 52.3 | ref. | 170 | 45.6 | ref. | 47 | 42.7 | ref. | 44 | 41.1 | ref. | 182 | 59.7 | ref. |
Women | 1417 | 38.3 | 245 | 51.8 | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | 615 | 47.7 | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 203 | 54.4 | 2.2 (1.7–2.7) | 63 | 57.3 | 2.3 (1.6–3.5) | 63 | 58.9 | 2.7 (1.8–4.0) | 123 | 40.3 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) |
Age groupc | ||||||||||||||||||||
18–40 years | 2174 | 58.8 | 224 | 47.4 | ref. | 483 | 37.5 | ref. | 124 | 33.2 | ref. | 36 | 32.7 | ref. | < 8 | ref. | 74 | 24.3 | ref. | |
41–59 years | 1523 | 41.2 | 249 | 52.6 | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | 805 | 62.5 | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) | 249 | 66.8 | 2.4 (1.9–3.1) | 74 | 67.3 | 2.7 (1.8–4.2) | 100 | 93.5 | 22.4 (10.2–49.2) | 231 | 75.7 | 5.9 (4.4–7.9) |
Level of educationc | ||||||||||||||||||||
Elementary | 608 | 16.4 | 84 | 17.8 | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 160 | 12.4 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 48 | 12.9 | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 13 | 11.8 | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 26 | 24.3 | 3.5 (1.9–6.4) | 139 | 45.6 | 14.0 (8.9–22) |
High School | 1561 | 42.2 | 224 | 47.4 | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 658 | 51.1 | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 206 | 55.2 | 1.9 (1.5–2.5) | 60 | 54.5 | 1.7 (1.1–2.6) | 58 | 54.2 | 2.5 (1.5–4.1) | 141 | 46.2 | 4.9 (3.2–7.6) |
University/College | 1528 | 41.3 | 165 | 34.9 | ref. | 470 | 36.5 | ref. | 119 | 31.9 | ref. | 37 | 33.6 | ref. | 23 | 21.5 | ref. | 25 | 8.2 | ref. |
Country of birthc | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sweden | 3103 | 83.9 | 408 | 86.3 | ref. | 1104 | 85.7 | ref. | 328 | 87.9 | ref. | 92 | 83.6 | ref. | 93 | 86.9 | ref. | 254 | 83.3 | ref. |
Not Sweden | 594 | 16.1 | 65 | 13.7 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 184 | 14.3 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 45 | 12.1 | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 18 | 16.4 | 1.1 (0.7–2.0) | 14 | 13.1 | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 51 | 16.7 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) |
Type of living areac | ||||||||||||||||||||
Big cities | 1388 | 37.5 | 151 | 31.9 | ref. | 438 | 34.0 | ref. | 123 | 33.0 | ref. | 36 | 32.7 | ref. | 22 | 20.6 | ref. | 71 | 23.3 | ref. |
Medium-sized cities | 1553 | 42.0 | 206 | 43.6 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 492 | 38.2 | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 155 | 41.6 | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 44 | 40.0 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 49 | 45.8 | 1.8 (1.0–3.0) | 139 | 45.6 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) |
Small cities/villages | 756 | 20.4 | 116 | 24.5 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 358 | 27.8 | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 95 | 25.5 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 30 | 27.3 | 1.4 (0.9–2.4) | 36 | 33.6 | 2.5 (1.4–4.4) | 95 | 31.1 | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) |
Marital statusc | ||||||||||||||||||||
Married | 1107 | 29.9 | 157 | 33.2 | ref. | 514 | 39.9 | ref. | 143 | 38.3 | ref. | 41 | 37.3 | ref. | 41 | 38.3 | ref. | 49 | 16.1 | ref. |
Not married | 2590 | 70.1 | 316 | 66.8 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 774 | 60.1 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 230 | 61.7 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 69 | 62.7 | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 66 | 61.7 | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 256 | 83.9 | 2.9 (2.1–4.1) |
Crash typed | ||||||||||||||||||||
Single | 3149 | 85.2 | 390 | 82.5 | ref. | 1093 | 84.9 | ref. | 315 | 84.5 | ref. | 85 | 77.3 | ref. | 90 | 84.1 | ref. | 256 | 83.9 | ref. |
Collision with pedestrian, animal, or other bicycle | 204 | 5.5 | 40 | 8.5 | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | 86 | 6.7 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 15 | 4.0 | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | < 8 | < 8 | 10 | 3.3 | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | ||||
Collision with motor vehicle | 344 | 9.3 | 43 | 9.1 | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 109 | 8.5 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 43 | 11.5 | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 19 | 17.3 | 1.9 (1.1–3.2) | 12 | 11.2 | 1.2 (0.6–2.2) | 39 | 12.8 | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) |
Inpatient healthcared | ||||||||||||||||||||
No | 3302 | 89.3 | 427 | 90.3 | ref. | 925 | 71.8 | ref. | 266 | 71.3 | ref. | 76 | 69.1 | ref. | 86 | 80.4 | ref. | 222 | 72.8 | ref. |
Yes | 395 | 10.7 | 46 | 9.7 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 363 | 28.2 | 2.7 (2.3–3.3) | 107 | 28.7 | 2.7 (2.0–3.7) | 34 | 30.9 | 2.2 (1.3–3.8) | 21 | 19.6 | 1.8 (1.0–3.2) | 83 | 27.2 | 2.3 (1.7–3.3) |
Type of injuryd | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fracture | 1034 | 28.0 | 91 | 19.2 | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 789 | 61.3 | 4.3 (3.5–5.2) | 200 | 53.6 | 2.6 (2.0–3.6) | 34 | 30.9 | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 42 | 39.3 | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) | 126 | 41.3 | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) |
Dislocation | 158 | 4.3 | 18 | 3.8 | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 78 | 6.1 | 2.8 (2.0–3.9) | 16 | 4.3 | 1.6 (0.9–2.8) | < 8 | < 8 | < 8 | ||||||
Sprains and strains | 329 | 8.9 | 55 | 11.6 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 107 | 8.3 | 2.0 (1.5–2.7) | 32 | 8.6 | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 11 | 10.0 | 1.6 (0.8–3.3) | 11 | 10.3 | 1.3 (0.6–2.6) | 21 | 6.9 | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) |
Internal | 355 | 9.6 | 47 | 9.9 | 0.5 (0.1–2.2) | 92 | 7.1 | 3.0 (1.3–6.7) | 34 | 9.1 | 2.2 (0.7–6.4) | 27 | 24.5 | 1.1 (0.1–8.1) | 8 | 7.5 | 0.1 (0.0–3.7) | 41 | 13.4 | 0.9 (0.2–3.5) |
External | 1728 | 46.7 | 250 | 52.9 | ref. | 207 | 16.1 | ref. | 82 | 22.0 | ref. | 35 | 31.8 | ref. | 42 | 39.3 | ref. | 103 | 33.8 | ref. |
Other and unspecified | 93 | 2.5 | 12 | 2.5 | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 15 | 1.2 | 1.9 (1.0–3.6) | 9 | 2.4 | 3.3 (1.5–7.4) | < 8 | < 8 | < 8 | ||||||
Body regiond | ||||||||||||||||||||
‘Head, face, and neck, not TBI’e | 900 | 24.3 | 94 | 19.9 | ref. | 121 | 9.4 | ref. | 30 | 8.0 | ref. | 14 | 12.7 | ref. | 17 | 15.9 | ref. | 48 | 15.7 | ref. |
‘TBI, not concussion’ | 23 | 0.6 | < 8 | 22 | 1.7 | 2.1 (0.7–5.7) | 10 | 2.7 | 4.2 (1.1–16.1) | 12 | 10.9 | 18.4 (2.2–155.2) | < 8 | < 8 | ||||||
‘Concussion’ | 313 | 8.5 | 41 | 8.7 | 2.3 (0.5–10.0) | 59 | 4.6 | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 19 | 5.1 | 0.8 (0.2–2.8) | 14 | 12.7 | 2.1 (0.3–17.3) | < 8 | 31 | 10.2 | 1.8 (0.4–7.5) | ||
‘Spine and back’ | 53 | 1.4 | 11 | 2.3 | 2.7 (1.3–5.6) | 43 | 3.3 | 2.3 (1.4–3.8) | 15 | 4.0 | 4.5 (2.2–9.5) | < 8 | < 8 | < 8 | ||||||
‘Torso’ | 261 | 7.1 | 42 | 8.9 | 1.7 (1.1–2.6) | 68 | 5.3 | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 33 | 8.8 | 2.5 (1.4–4.3) | 11 | 10.0 | 2.0 (0.9–4.6) | 15 | 14.0 | 2.6 (1.2–5.4) | 28 | 9.2 | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) |
‘Upper extremities’ | 1480 | 40.0 | 189 | 40.0 | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 697 | 54.1 | 2.2 (1.7–2.8) | 174 | 46.6 | 2.9 (1.9–4.5) | 37 | 33.6 | 1.6 (0.8–3.2) | 42 | 39.3 | 1.8 (1.0–3.4) | 110 | 36.1 | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) |
‘Lower extremities’ | 599 | 16.2 | 85 | 18.0 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 272 | 21.1 | 2.3 (1.7–3.0) | 90 | 24.1 | 3.5 (2.2–5.5) | 20 | 18.2 | 1.6 (0.8–3.4) | 19 | 17.8 | 1.5 (0.7–3.0) | 73 | 23.9 | 1.9 (1.2–2.9) |
‘Other and unspecified’ | 68 | 1.8 | < 8 | < 8 | < 8 | < 8 | < 8 | < 8 |