Table 3 Multivariable models evaluating risk indicators for severe dental anxiety among adolescents
| Â | Model 1 (POR, 95% CI) | Model 2 (POR, 95% CI) | Model 3 (POR, 95% CI) | Model 4 (POR, 95% CI) | Model 5 (POR, 95% CI) | Model 6 (POR, 95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived susceptibility | 1.31 (1.07–1.59)* | 1.38 (1.11–1.72)* | 1.27 (1.04–1.56)* | 1.25 (1.02–1.53)* | 1.26 (1.03–1.54)* | 1.27 (1.01–1.60)* |
Perceived severity | 1.34 (1.08–1.66)* | 1.40 (1.09–1.78)* | 1.39 (1.11–1.73)* | 1.35 (1.08–1.68)* | 1.25 (1.00–1.56)* | 1.38 (1.07–1.78)* |
Perceived benefits | 1.02 (0.76–1.37) | 1.00 (0.73–1.38) | 0.97 (0.72–1.32) | 1.02 (0.75–1.37) | 1.01 (0.74–1.37) | 0.93 (0.66–1.30) |
Perceived barriers | 1.36 (1.06–1.73)* | 1.29 (0.98–1.70) | 1.30 (0.99–1.70) | 1.34 (1.04–1.71)* | 1.33 (1.04–1.71)* | 1.17 (0.86–1.59) |
Cues to action | 0.85 (0.70–1.05) | 0.92 (0.74–1.15) | 0.89 (0.72–1.10) | 0.86 (0.70–1.05) | 0.88 (0.72–1.09) | 0.97 (0.77–1.22) |
Self-efficacy | 0.89 (0.74–1.06) | 0.88 (0.72–1.08) | 0.95 (0.77–1.16) | 0.89 (0.74–1.06) | 0.95 (0.79–1.14) | 1.06 (0.84–1.33) |
Sex | ||||||
 Boy | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 |
 Girl | – | 1.30 (0.89–1.89) | – | – | – | 1.14 (0.76–1.70) |
Father’s education level | ||||||
 Elementary school | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 |
 High school | – | 0.79 (0.42–1.50) | – | – | – | 0.87 (0.45–1.68) |
 College or above | – | 0.76 (0.34–1.69) | – | – | – | 0.80 (0.35–1.81) |
Mother’s education level | ||||||
 Elementary school | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 |
 High school | – | 1.36 (0.75–2.48) | – | – | – | 1.50 (0.80–2.80) |
 College or above | – | 1.30 (0.58–2.87) | – | – | – | 1.75 (0.77–4.01) |
Family income per month | ||||||
 HK$15,000 or below | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 |
 HK$15,001 -50,000 | – | 1.09 (0.76–1.57) | – | – | – | 0.76 (0.47–1.22) |
 HK$50,001 or above | – | 1.02 (0.62–1.70) | – | – | – | 0.51 (0.24–1.09) |
Tooth brushing behavior | ||||||
 Once a day or less often | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 |
 Twice or more a day | – | – | 0.76 (0.51–1.13) | – | – | 0.63 (0.40–0.99)* |
Flossing behavior | ||||||
 Never or less than once a week | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 |
 At least once a week | – | – | 0.97 (0.62–1.54) | – | – | 0.97 (0.58–1.61) |
Sugar consumption | ||||||
 Rare or less than once a week | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 |
 Several times a week or daily | – | – | 1.64 (0.98–2.75) | – | – | 1.53 (0.86–2.74) |
Annual dental visit | ||||||
 No | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 |
 Yes | – | – | 0.77 (0.48–1.23) | – | – | 0.76 (0.44–1.29) |
Oral health | ||||||
 DMFT = 0 | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 |
 DMFT≥1 | – | – | – | 1.66 (1.17–2.35)* | – | 1.58 (1.07–2.35)* |
General anxiety | – | – | – | – | 1.09 (1.06–1.12)* | 1.07 (1.04–1.11)* |
−2 Log likelihood | 899 | 757 | 864 | 890 | 1441 | 1151 |
Nagelkerke R2 | 0.043 | 0.065 | 0.053 | 0.056 | 0.090 | 0.113 |