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Table 4 Survival analysis and hazard ratios for 582 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis in Halland 2011–2018

From: Socioeconomic and marital status among liver cirrhosis patients and associations with mortality: a population-based cohort study in Sweden

 

Mean transplantation-free survival in years (95% CI)

Univariate analyses

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Multivariate analysis 1

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Multivariate analysis 2

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Sex

 

 Female

4.82 (4.29–5.35)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 Male

3.81 (3.42–4.20)

1.42 (1.12–1.78)

1.37 (1.03–1.81)

1.28 (0.96–1.66)

Age

 

 18–44

6.17 (4.68–7.66)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 45–49

6.10 (5.13–7.06)

1.08 (0.41–2.84)

1.55 (0.58–4.17)

1.57 (0.59–4.22)

 50–54

5.23 (4.10–6.37)

1.63 (0.69–3.88)

2.70 (1.08–6.75)

2.69 (1.08–6.73)

 55–59

5.06 (4.11–6.01)

1.81 (0.80–4.11)

3.73 (1.57–8.83)

3.50 (1.49–8.27)

 60–64

4.79 (4.03–5.54)

2.00 (0.91–4.41)

3.85 (1.67–8.85)

3.61 (1.58–8.25)

 65–69

4.48 (3.79–5.16)

2.17 (0.99–4.76)

5.67 (2.38–13.5)

5.52 (2.31–13.2)

 70–74

3.68 (2.86–4.50)

2.97 (1.34–6.60)

7.75 (3.15–19.0)

7.23 (2.96–17.7)

 75–79

2.80 (1.97–3.63)

4.07 (1.83–9.07)

9.60 (3.86–23.8)

9.50 (3.84–23.5)

 80+

1.13 (0.80–1.46)

7.97 (3.64–17.5)

14.6 (5.82–36.5)

14.5 (5.79–36.1)

Socioeconomic and marital status

Marital status

 Married

4.56 (4.14–4.98)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 Never married

3.97 (3.31–4.63)

1.24 (0.96–1.61)

1.05 (0.78–1.42)

1.06 (0.79–1.44)

 Previously married

3.35 (2.69–4.01)

1.50 (1.14–1.96)

1.03 (0.76–1.40)

1.08 (0.80–1.46)

Employment status

 Employed

5.74 (5.17–6.32)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 Pensioner

3.28 (2.85–3.70)

2.39 (1.81–3.16)

0.89 (0.60–1.32)

0.88 (0.59–1.30)

 Disability retired

3.63 (2.91–4.35)

2.10 (1.49–2.95)

1.44 (0.96–2.16)

1.54 (0.99–2.24)

 Unemployed

4.30 (3.15–5.45)

1.63 (1.02–2.59)

0.92 (0.50–1.69)

1.20 (0.71–2.02)

Occupational skill level

 I

3.00 (2.33–3.67)

3.50 (2.14–5.73)

3.43 (1.89–6.23)

Excluded from the analysis

 II

4.04 (3.64–4.45)

2.42 (1.53–3.84)

2.48 (1.48–4.12)

Excluded from the analysis

 III

4.78 (3.93–5.67)

1.72 (0.98–3.03)

1.87 (1.00–3.46)

Excluded from the analysis

 IV

6.39 (5.54–7.23)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Excluded from the analysis

 I-II (aggregated)

3.79 (3.44–4.14)

1.98 (1.47–2.68)

Excluded from the analysis

1.85 (1.32–2.61)

 III-IV (aggregated)

5.64 (5.00–6.28)

1.00 (reference)

Excluded from the analysis

1.00 (reference)

Aetiologies

 

 Alcohol

4.10 (3.67–4.53)

2.83 (1.39–5.76)

1.63 (0.68–3.90)

1.71 (0.72–4.09)

 Cryptogenic

1.80 (1.24–2.36)

6.67 (3.20–13.9)

2.89 (1.17–7.13)

3.01 (1.22–7.43)

 Hepatitis C

5.32 (4.48–6.15)

1.81 (0.84–3.88)

1.97 (0.77–5.03)

2.16 (0.85–5.49)

 PBC

6.40 (5.23–7.57)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 NAFLD

2.80 (1.95–3.65)

3.87 (1.70–8.80)

2.55 (0.95–6.86)

2.74 (1.02–7.36)

 AIH

5.41 (3.99–6.84)

1.77 (0.73–4.28)

1.96 (0.70–5.50)

2.01 (0.72–5.60)

 Other causes

4.74 (3.49–5.98)

2.09 (0.90–4.89)

2.20 (0.82–5.92)

2.51 (0.94–6.71)

Severitya

MELD

 MELD < 10

5.60 (5.09–6.11)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 MELD 10–14

4.21 (3.57–4.85)

1.66 (1.22–2.26)

1.25 (0.88–1.77)

1.28 (0.90–1.61)

 MELD ≥15

2.87 (2.40–3.34)

2.69 (2.06–3.50)

1.05 (0.73–1.52)

1.08 (0.74–1.54)

Child-Pugh class

 A

6.46 (5.99–6.92)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 B

3.24 (2.77–3.71)

3.41 (2.55–4.55)

2.35 (1.68–3.29)

2.38 (1.70–3.34)

 C

2.19 (1.64–2.76)

5.37 (3.91–7.36)

5.75 (3.67–9.02)

5.93 (3.78–9.31)

  1. AIH Autoimmune hepatitis; CI Confidence Interval; HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma; MELD Model for end-stage liver disease; NAFLD Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PBC Primary biliary cholangitis. Patients were followed up until December 31st 2019. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios for death or transplantation, where each variable was adjusted for all the other variables presented in this table, in addition to adjustments for comorbidity (arterial hypertension, cardiac artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity). In a separate Cox regression model, the variable “occupational skill level” (tretrachotomous) was substituted by a dichotomous variable representing the aggregated occupational skill levels I-II and III-IV. This substitution did not meaningfully changed the calculated hazard ratios for marital and employment status
  2. a MELD-score and Child-Pugh class calculated for 95.5% of patients