| |
Overalla
|
Interpersonal (76.7%)
|
Self-inflicted (23.3%)
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
Age; mean ± SD
|
30.8 ± 11.1
|
30.7 ± 11.5
|
30.4 ± 8.9
|
0.004
|
|
Males; n (%)
|
595 (90.4)
|
446 (95.3)
|
102 (71.8)
|
0.001
|
|
Type of trauma; n (%)
|
|
• Blunt
|
331 (50.5)
|
229 (48.9)
|
76 (53.5)
|
0.003
|
|
• Penetrating
|
324 (49.5)
|
239 (51.1)
|
63 (44.4)
|
|
GCS; mean ± SD
|
|
• ED
|
13.63 ± 3.0
|
13.45 ± 3.8
|
13.29 ± 4.10
|
0.001
|
|
• After 1 h
|
13.29 ± 3.9
|
12.4 ± 4.67
|
11.96 ± 5.06
|
0.001
|
|
BAC Positive; n (%)
|
143 (23.4)
|
116 (24.8)
|
17 (12.0)
|
0.001
|
|
BAC; mean ± SD
|
36.9 ± 17.0
|
36.3 ± 16.9
|
37.8 ± 16.8
|
0.75
|
|
Injury at body sites; n (%)
|
|
• Head
|
177 (26.9)
|
141 (30.1)
|
21 (14.8)
|
0.001
|
|
• Face
|
86 (13.1)
|
60 (12.8)
|
11 (7.7)
|
0.063
|
|
• Neck
|
48 (7.3)
|
21 (4.5)
|
27 (19.0)
|
0.001
|
|
• Chest
|
137 (20.8)
|
108 (23.1)
|
22 (15.5)
|
0.053
|
|
• Abdomen
|
161 (24.5)
|
116 (24.8)
|
36 (25.4)
|
0.891
|
|
• Spine
|
53 (8.1)
|
27 (5.8)
|
26 (18.3)
|
0.001
|
|
• Arm
|
59 (9.0)
|
40 (8.5)
|
15 (10.6)
|
0.462
|
|
• Pelvis
|
39 (5.9)
|
19 (4.1)
|
21 (14.8)
|
0.001
|
|
• Leg
|
57 (8.7)
|
33 (7.1)
|
23 (16.2)
|
0.001
|
|
• External
|
433 (65.8)
|
321 (68.6)
|
84 (59.2)
|
0.037
|
|
AIS; mean ± SD
|
|
• Head
|
3.4 ± 0.9
|
3.5 ± 1.1
|
4.3 ± 2.2
|
0.008
|
|
• Face
|
1.8 ± 0.4
|
1.8 ± 0.5
|
1.9 ± 0.6
|
0.371
|
|
• Neck
|
2.4 ± 1.2
|
2.6 ± 1.8
|
2.7 ± 1.8
|
0.799
|
|
• Chest
|
2.7 ± 0.9
|
3.0 ± 1.6
|
2.9 ± 1.6
|
0.847
|
|
• Abdomen
|
2.3 ± 0.8
|
2.7 ± 1.6
|
2.2 ± 0.7
|
0.050
|
|
• Spine
|
2.3 ± 0.9
|
2.4 ± 1.0
|
2.2 ± 0.7
|
0.498
|
|
• Arm
|
1.9 ± 0.6
|
1.9 ± 0.6
|
2.0 ± 0.5
|
0.564
|
|
• Pelvis
|
2.2 ± 0.7
|
2.4 ± 1.7
|
2.4 ± 0.7
|
0.864
|
|
• Leg
|
2.2 ± 0.5
|
2.4 ± 1.3
|
2.2 ± 0.4
|
0.571
|
|
• External
|
1.1 ± 0.5
|
1.2 ± 0.7
|
1.3 ± 0.9
|
0.208
|
|
ISS; median (range)
|
9 (1–75)
|
9 (1–75)
|
5 (1–75)
|
0.05
|
|
Management; n (%)
|
|
• Intubation
|
158 (24.0)
|
106 (22.6)
|
48 (33.8)
|
0.007
|
|
• Exploratory Laparotomy
|
122 (18.5)
|
86 (18.4)
|
29 (20.4)
|
0.585
|
|
• Thoracotomy
|
12 (1.8)
|
10 (2.1)
|
0
|
0.079
|
|
• Chest tube insertion
|
82 (12.5)
|
66 (14.1)
|
12 (8.5)
|
0.077
|
|
• Craniotomy/Craniectomy
|
23 (3.5)
|
21 (4.5)
|
2 (1.4)
|
0.092
|
|
• ORIF surgery
|
39 (5.9)
|
24 (5.1)
|
11 (7.7)
|
0.240
|
|
• Psychiatric referrals; n (%)
|
133 (20.2)
|
25 (5.3)
|
101 (71.1)
|
0.001
|
|
• ICU LOS; median (range)
|
3 (1–142)
|
3 (1–123)
|
4 (1–142)
|
0.451
|
|
• Hospital LOS; median (range)
|
4 (1–142)
|
3 (1–1032)
|
4 (0–142)
|
0.520
|
|
Mortality
|
42 (6.4)
|
26 (5.6)
|
13 (9.2)
|
0.125
|
- AIS abbreviated injury score, BAC blood alcohol concentration, LOS length of stay, ORIF open reduction and internal fixation, ISS injury severity score
- aType of violence was not documented in 48 cases (excluded)
