Variable | Spicy food flavor | Ptrend | Spicy food intake frequency | Ptrend | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Mild | Middle | Heavy | Never | 1-2d/week | 3-5d/week | 6–7 d/week | |||||||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
No. participants | 16,282 | 14,889 | 5326 | 1530 | Â | 12,361 | 3268 | 3264 | 10,026 | Â | ||||||||
Age (years) | 58.3 | 11.4 | 53.9 | 12.3 | 52.3 | 12.4 | 52.1 | 11.5 | < 0.001 | 58.2 | 11.7 | 51.6 | 13.2 | 51.4 | 13.5 | 54.4 | 11.6 | < 0.001 |
Male (%) | 37.8 | 38.4 | 44.1 | 46.4 | < 0.001 | 39.1 | 38.1 | 44.6 | 42.1 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Educational level (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | ||||||||
 Illiterate and Elementary | 49.0 | 41.5 | 41.0 | 42.8 |  | 48.4 | 33.6 | 34.7 | 45.6 |  | ||||||||
 Middle school | 37.1 | 41.8 | 41.9 | 43.5 |  | 36.1 | 41.4 | 41.4 | 40.8 |  | ||||||||
 High school and above | 13.9 | 16.7 | 17.2 | 13.7 |  | 15.5 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 13.7 |  | ||||||||
Marital status (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | ||||||||
 Married/cohabiting | 87.9 | 90.7 | 91.9 | 92.0 |  | 88.2 | 91.4 | 90.8 | 91.7 |  | ||||||||
 Widowed/single/divorced/separation | 12.1 | 9.3 | 8.1 | 8.0 |  | 11.8 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 8.3 |  | ||||||||
Smoking status(%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | ||||||||
 Nonsmoker | 76.6 | 72.4 | 66.5 | 61.1 |  | 75.6 | 74.6 | 67.0 | 68.3 |  | ||||||||
 Ex-smoker | 8.6 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 6.8 |  | 8.4 | 6.5 | 7.9 | 7.4 |  | ||||||||
 smoker | 14.9 | 19.9 | 26.4 | 32.1 |  | 16.0 | 18.8 | 25.2 | 24.3 |  | ||||||||
Drinking status(%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | ||||||||
 Nondrinker | 82.7 | 75.6 | 68.1 | 68.9 |  | 83.2 | 77.2 | 72.1 | 72.6 |  | ||||||||
 Ex-drinker | 5.3 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.4 |  | 5.3 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 4.8 |  | ||||||||
 Drinker | 12.1 | 20.4 | 27.7 | 26.7 |  | 11.5 | 19.0 | 23.5 | 22.6 |  | ||||||||
Physical activity (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | ||||||||
 Low | 34.8 | 30.8 | 28.7 | 31.4 |  | 35.8 | 34.4 | 31.8 | 26.1 |  | ||||||||
 Middle | 37.2 | 38.9 | 37.2 | 35.9 |  | 35.4 | 32.3 | 37.5 | 39.7 |  | ||||||||
 High | 28.0 | 30.3 | 34.0 | 32.7 |  | 28.8 | 33.3 | 30.8 | 34.2 |  | ||||||||
Dietary pattern |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | ||||||||
 Pattern I | 18.6 | 20.9 | 23.2 | 27.5 |  | 18.7 | 20.9 | 22.6 | 21.8 |  | ||||||||
 Pattern II | 30.7 | 35.3 | 33.9 | 38.8 |  | 28.6 | 29.1 | 30.2 | 41.3 |  | ||||||||
 Pattern III | 22.4 | 19.2 | 20.1 | 16.4 |  | 23.0 | 22.3 | 20.8 | 16.9 |  | ||||||||
 Pattern IV | 28.4 | 24.6 | 22.9 | 17.3 |  | 29.7 | 27.6 | 26.4 | 20.0 |  | ||||||||
Total energy intake (kcal/d) | 2387 | 661.1 | 2467 | 663.9 | 2531 | 691.2 | 2700 | 695.3 | < 0.001 | 2368 | 662.8 | 2367 | 652.6 | 2443 | 662.1 | 2604 | 693.1 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m 2) | 24.63 | 3.52 | 24.94 | 3.51 | 25.20 | 3.75 | 25.13 | 3.68 | < 0.001 | 24.57 | 3.51 | 25.01 | 3.62 | 24.83 | 3.66 | 24.85 | 3.57 | < 0.001 |
Serum creatinine (umol /L) | 62.58 | 14.9 | 61.58 | 13.72 | 61.45 | 13.37 | 62.68 | 12.94 | < 0.001 | 63.23 | 15.27 | 62.52 | 14.74 | 63.78 | 14.41 | 62.36 | 13.07 | < 0.001 |
Serum urate level (umol /L) | 282.43 | 77.0 | 287.7 | 80.5 | 290.7 | 82.8 | 301.6 | 84.1 | < 0.001 | 288.5 | 77.6 | 296.9 | 83.9 | 301.4 | 86.7 | 297.2 | 81.2 | < 0.001 |
T2DM (%) | 10.6 | 8.5 | 8.88 | 8.6 | < 0.001 | 10.0 | 8.1 | 7.4 | 8.0 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Hypertension (%) | 36.5 | 30.88 | 29.5 | 22.7 | < 0.001 | 36.2 | 31.7 | 30.2 | 27.7 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Dyslipidemia (%) | 37.8 | 37.0 | 38.4 | 39.5 | 0.084 | 38.7 | 38.8 | 38.4 | 38.7 | 0.984 |