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Table 3 Clinical measurements collected using standard tests and examinations

From: The burden and predisposing factors of non-communicable diseases in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences personnel: a prospective 15-year organizational cohort study protocol and baseline assessment

Variable

Total (n = 5287)

Male (n = 2427)

Female (n = 2860)

P-valuea

Anthropometry

 Height (cm)

165.2 ± 9.8

172.8 ± 7.7

158.7 ± 6.1

< 0.001

 Weight (kg)

73.7 ± 13.4

80.3 ± 12.6

68 ± 11.4

< 0.001

 BMI (kg/m2)

27 ± 5.26

26.97 ± 6.24

27.01 ± 4.25

0.82

 Abdomen Circumference (cm)

93 ± 10.7

95.6 ± 10.8

90.8 ± 10

< 0.001

 Neck Circumference (cm)

37 ± 4.1

38.7 ± 4.4

35.5 ± 3.1

< 0.001

Bio-impedance

 Total Body Water (liter)

35.8 ± 7.8

42.3 ± 5.9

30.2 ± 3.9

< 0.001

 Body Fat Mass (kg)

25 ± 8.1

22.7 ± 7.7

27 ± 7.9

< 0.001

 Protein (kg)

9.6 ± 2.1

11.4 ± 1.6

8 ± 1.1

< 0.001

 Mineral (kg)

3.3 ± 0.9

3.9 ± 1

2.9 ± 0.4

< 0.001

Laboratory

 Hyperglycaemia (FBS > 125 mg/dL)

265 (5.1%)

170 (7%)

95 (3.4%)

< 0.001

 Hypercholesterolemia (Chol> 240 mg/dL)

305 (5.8%)

146 (6%)

159 (5.6%)

0.555

 Hypertriglyceridemia (TG > 150 mg/dL)

1257 (24%)

832 (34.3%)

425 (15.1%)

< 0.001

 Low HDL (HDL < 40 mg/dL)

330 (6.3%)

252 (10.4%)

78 (2.8%)

< 0.001

Pulse-Wave Analysis

 Central Systolic Pressure (mmHg)

108 ± 12

110 ± 12

105 ± 11.4

< 0.001

 Central Diastolic Pressure (mmHg)

74 ± 8.9

76 ± 9.1

71 ± 8.1

< 0.001

 Central Mean Pressure (mmHg)

87 ± 10.1

89 ± 10.3

85 ± 9.4

< 0.001

 Pulse-Wave Velocity (m/s)

7.2 ± 1.6

7.6 ± 1.6

6.7 ± 1.5

< 0.001

 Central Pulse Pressure (mmHg)

34 ± 6.8

34.4 ± 6.9

33.5 ± 6.8

0.002

 Augmentation Index (AIx) (%)

26.7 ± 11.5

23.5 ± 10.9

29.7 ± 11.2

< 0.001

Electrocardiography

 Heart Rate (bpm)

69 ± 14.7

67 ± 10.3

71 ± 17.7

< 0.001

 Bradycardia

693 (13.1%)

450 (18.5%)

243 (8.5%)

< 0.001

 Tachycardia

32 (0.6%)

20 (0.8%)

12 (0.4%)

0.178

Heart Axis

 Normal (−30° to + 90°)

5007 (94.7%)

2244 (92.5%)

2763 (96.6%)

< 0.001

 Left Axis Deviation (−30° to −90°)

164 (3.1%)

117 (4.8%)

47 (1.6%)

 vRight Axis Deviation (+ 90° to 180°)

100 (1.9%)

57 (2.3%)

43 (1.5%)

 Indeterminate Axis(−90° to 180°)

16 (0.3%)

9 (0.4%)

7 (0.2%)

 PR Interval (ms)

148 ± 31.2

152 ± 38.9

143 ± 20.7

< 0.001

 QRS Interval (ms)

93 ± 20.8

97 ± 25.4

90 ± 14.8

< 0.001

 T Interval (ms)

196 ± 50.6

195 ± 47.6

198 ± 53.3

0.082

 ST Interval (ms)

104 ± 14.7

100 ± 15.9

107 ± 12.5

< 0.001

 QT (ms)

396 ± 28.1

393 ± 28.1

398 ± 27.9

< 0.001

 QTcB (ms)

424 ± 104.1

416 ± 106.8

431 ± 101.1

< 0.001

 QTcF (ms)

415 ± 91.7

409 ± 91.9

420 ± 91.2

< 0.001

Spirometryb

 FEV1/FVC (%)

82.7 ± 7.6

82.1 ± 7.36

83.1 ± 7.72

< 0.001

 Normal (> = 70%)

4497 (95.6%)

2058 (95.3%)

2439 (95.8%)

0.602

 Mild Obstruction (60–69%)

158 (3.4%)

79 (3.7%)

79 (3.1%)

 Moderate Obstruction (50–59%)

37 (0.8%)

15 (0.7%)

22 (0.9%)

 Severe Obstruction (< 50%)

13 (0.3%)

7 (0.3%)

6 (0.2%)

Orthopedicc

 Right Pinch Strength (lbs)

10 ± 4.8

13.7 ± 4

7 ± 3.1

< 0.001

 Left Pinch Strength (lbs)

9.8 ± 4.7

13.3 ± 4

7 ± 3

< 0.001

 Right Grip Strength (lbs)

54.1 ± 24.1

73.6 ± 19.5

38.1 ± 13.3

< 0.001

 Left Grip Strength (lbs)

51 ± 23.5

69.5 ± 19.7

35.9 ± 13.2

< 0.001

 Carpal tunnel syndrome

264 (5%)

44 (1.8%)

220 (7.7%)

< 0.001

 Calcaneal Spur

26 (0.5%)

7 (0.3%)

19 (0.7%)

0.059

 Knee Arthritis

48 (0.9%)

8 (0.3%)

40 (1.4%)

< 0.001

Smell-Taste Assessment (N = 586)d

 Smell Score (0–6)

5.1 ± 1.3

4.9 ± 1.5

5.3 ± 1.1

< 0.001

 Taste Score (0–12)

9 ± 2.7

8.1 ± 2.9

9.9 ± 2.2

< 0.001

Ultrasound

 Abdominopelvic

 Right Kidney Width (mm)

106 ± 8.6

107 ± 8.6

104 ± 8.4

< 0.001

 Left Kidney Width (mm)

107 ± 9.4

109 ± 7.9

105 ± 10.1

< 0.001

 Spleen Width (mm)

102 ± 13.9

107 ± 14.3

98 ± 12.5

< 0.001

 SAT (mm)

21.7 ± 8.4

22.3 ± 8.9

21.2 ± 7.9

0.041

 VAT (mm)

74 ± 22.6

82 ± 22.6

67 ± 20.3

< 0.001

 Liver Craniocaudal Diameter (mm)

101 ± 12.2

106 ± 12

97 ± 10.6

< 0.001

 Renal Aorta Diameter (mm)

14.5 ± 4.7

15.3 ± 2.1

13.7 ± 6

< 0.001

 Thyroid

 Right Lobe Volume (cc)

5.51 ± 3.56

6.09 ± 3.43

5 ± 3.58

< 0.001

 Left Lobe Volume (cc)

5.86 ± 3.88

6.71 ± 4.09

5.12 ± 3.54

< 0.001

 Isthmus Volume (cc)

0.66 ± 0.87

0.78 ± 1.14

0.55 ± 0.51

< 0.001

 One Nodule

1464 (27.7%)

572 (23.6%)

892 (31.2%)

< 0.001

 Two Nodules

550 (10.4%)

204 (8.4%)

346 (12.1%)

0.001

 Three Nodules

259 (4.9%)

77 (3.2%)

182 (6.4%)

< 0.001

 Four Nodules

106 (2%)

28 (1.2%)

78 (2.7%)

0.001

 Five Nodules

42 (0.8%)

12 (0.5%)

30 (1%)

0.085

  1. Notes: Values are presented as mean ± SD or N (%)
  2. aAnalysis by independent-samples T test, Fisher’s exact test (2-sided), or Chi-square test
  3. bPatients who had at least one contraindication for Spirometry were excluded
  4. cThe frequency of disorders are the sum of left and right hands/foots
  5. dThe smell-taste test was performed only for the high-risk subpopulation
  6. Abbreviations: BMI Body Mass Index, FBS Fasting Blood Sugar, Chol Cholesterol, TG Triglycerides, HDL High-Density Lipoproteins, TSH Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, PSA Prostate-Specific Antigen, FEV1/FVC Forced Expiratory Volume/Forced Vital Capacity, SAT Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue, VAT Visceral Adipose Tissue, NA Not Applicable