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Table 4 Danger control and fear control by demographic characteristics of the study sample (N = 3727)

From: Risk perception related to COVID-19 among the Iranian general population: an application of the extended parallel process model

 

Danger control

Fear control

P-value

No. (%)

No. (%)

 

Age

  

< 0.0001

 15–29

531 (25.3)

334 (20.5)

 

 30–44

1061 (50.5)

934 (57.4)

 

 45–59

434 (20.7)

300 (18.5)

 

 60+

75 (3.6)

58 (3.6)

 

Gender

  

< 0.0001

 Female

1079 (51.4)

715 (44.0)

 

 Male

1022 (48.6)

911 (56.0)

 

Educational status

  

< 0.0001

 Primary

142 (6.8)

60 (3.7)

 

 Secondary

595 (28.3)

328 (20.2)

 

 Higher

1238 (76.1)

1364 (64.9)

 

Marital status

  

0.133

 Single

519 (24.7)

362 (22.3)

 

 Married

1566 (74.5)

1246 (76.6)

 

 Widowed/Divorced

16 (0.8)

18 (1.1)

 

Economic status

  

<.0001

 Good

582 (27.7)

343 (21.1)

 

 Not good, not bad

1194 (56.8)

939 (57.7)

 

 Poor

325 (15.5)

344 (21.2)

 

History of coronavirus

  

0.132

 Yes

17 (0.8)

20 (1.2)

 

 No

2084 (99.2)

1606 (98.8)

 

History of coronavirus in a family member

  

0.141

 Yes

34 (49.6)

35 (2.2)

 

 No

2067 (98.4)

1591 (97.8)

 

Frequency of chronic diseases

  

< 0.0001

 0

1677 (79.8)

1202 (73.9)

 

 1

346 (16.5)

357 (22.0)

 

 2

66 (3.1)

49 (3.0)

 

 3 and more

12 (0.6)

18 (1.1)

 

Living condition

  

0.555

 Urban

2014 (95.9)

1565 (96.2)

 

 Rural

87 (4.1)

61 (3.8)

 

All

2101 (56.4)

1626 (43.6)

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