Table 4 Multivariate multilevel multinomial regression of maternal-level factors associated with age-specific under-five mortality, 2016/2017 Nigeria MICS
|  | Model 0 | Model 2 (maternal-level factors) Ref: alive (N = 18,120) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept-only RRR (95%CI) | Neonatal mortality (0–27 days) RRR (95%CI) | Post-neonatal mortality (28 days-11 months) RRR (95%CI) | Child mortality (12 months to 11 months) RRR (95%CI) | |
Fixed effects | ||||
 Maternal education | ||||
  None/primary |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  Secondary |  | 0.72 (0.53–0.99)* | 0.69 (0.48–0.99)* | 0.62 (0.41–0.93)* |
  Post-secondary |  | 0.92 (0.51–1.65) | 0.74 (0.39–1.41) | 0.28 (0.09–0.82)* |
 Maternal wealth index | ||||
  Poor |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  Middle |  | 1.31 (0.99–1.73) | 1.09 (0.80–1.49) | 0.97 (0.71–1.33) |
  Rich |  | 1.19 (0.87–1.62) | 1.14 (0.79–1.65) | 0.46 (0.31–0.69)*** |
 Death of previous children | ||||
  < 3 |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  3–4 |  | 9.40 (6.66–13.27)*** | 5.37 (3.83–7.55)*** | 6.34 (4.55–8.83)*** |
  ≥ 5 |  | 10.00 (5.98–16.73)*** | 10.70 (6.27–18.25)*** | 7.75 (4.75–12.63)*** |
 Parity | ||||
  < 3 |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  3–4 |  | 0.86 (0.67–1.10) | 1.23 (0.90–1.67) | 1.71 (1.19–2.47)** |
  ≥ 5 |  | 0.57 (0.43–0.76)*** | 0.76 (0.54–1.06) | 1.25 (0.86–1.82) |
 Freq of ANC visitsa | ||||
  None |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  1–7 |  | 1.04 (0.82–1.32) | 0.92 (0.71–1.18) | 1.19 (0.92–1.52) |
  ≥ 8 |  | 1.26 (0.82–1.93) | 0.65 (0.41–1.03) | 1.19 (0.75–1.87) |
 Skilled birth attendants during deliverya | ||||
  None |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  Skilled |  | 1.22 (0.87–1.71) | 0.73 (0.50–1.06) | 0.58 (0.38–0.87)* |
  Unskilled |  | 1.05 (0.79–1.40) | 1.06 (0.78–1.45) | 0.79 (0.60–1.04) |
 Contraceptive use | ||||
  Yes |  | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
  No |  | 1.36 (0.91–2.03) | 0.97 (0.59–1.60) | 3.69 (1.40–9.75)* |
Random effects (community-level) | ||||
 Variance (SE) | 0.49 (0.05) | 0.30 (0.05) | ||
 95%CI | 0.41,0.60 | 0.21,0.41 | ||
 PCV | Ref. | 38.8% | ||
 MOR | 1.95 | 1.68 | ||