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Table 1 Definition of variables

From: Inequities in child survival in Nigerian communities during the Sustainable Development Goal era: insights from analysis of 2016/2017 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

Variable

Description

Dependent variable

 Under-five survival status

Alive = 0, neonatal mortality = 1, post-neonatal mortality = 2, child mortality = 3

Independent variables

 Child-level

  Child’s sex

Male = 0, female = 1

  Gestation type

Singleton = 0, multiple = 1

  Birth order

First birth = 0, 2–3 = 1, 4–6 = 2, ≥7 = 3

  Previous birth interval

< 2 years = 0, first birth = 1, ≥2 years = 2

  Maternal age at birth

< 20 years = 0, 20–34 years = 1, ≥35 years = 2

 Maternal level

  Maternal education

None/primary = 0, secondary/technical = 1, post-secondary = 2

  Maternal wealth index

Poor = 0, middle = 1, rich = 2

  Maternal media exposure

High = 0, medium = 1, low = 2, none = 3

  Death of previous children at the time of the survey

< 3 = 0, 3–4 = 1, ≥5 = 2

  Parity

< 3 = 0, 3–4 = 1, ≥5 = 2

  Access to antenatal care (ANC)

None = 0, skilled = 1, unskilled = 2

  Frequency of ANC visits

None = 0, 1–7 = 1, ≥8 = 2

  Skilled birth attendants during delivery

None = 0, skilled birth attendants = 1, unskilled/friend = 2

  Institutional delivery

Home = 0, health facility = 1

  Marital status

Currently married/in union = 0, formerly married/in union = 1, never married/in union = 2

  History of contraceptive use

Yes = 0, no = 1

  Ever drank alcohol

Yes = 0, no = 1

  Ever smoked cigarette

Yes = 0, no = 1

 Household-level

  Sex of household head

Male = 0, female = 1

  Household head education

None/primary = 0, secondary/technical = 1, post-secondary = 2

  Ethnic group

Hausa = 0, Igbo = 1, Yoruba = 2, others = 3

  Housing condition

Inadequate = 0, adequate = 1

  Polygamy

Yes = 0, no = 1

  Access to drinking water

Unimproved source = 0, improved source = 1

  Sanitation

Unimproved = 0, improved = 1

  Indoor pollution

Polluting fuel = 0, clean fuel = 1

  Household size

Discrete

 Community-level

  Place of residence

Urban = 0, rural = 1

  Community infrastructural development (based on proportion of households with electricity in the community)

Low = 0, high = 1

  Region

North-Central (NC) = 0, North-East (NE) = 1, North-West (NW) = 2, South-East (SE) = 3, South-South (SS) = 4, South-West (SW) = 5

  Aggregated (community) level maternal education (based on proportion of households with women who had at least secondary education in the community)

Low = 0, medium = 1, high = 2