Risk factor | All (n, %)c | High incomeb (n = 378) | Middle incomeb (n = 411) | Low incomeb (n = 136) | rsd | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Smoking | 993(97.54) | 375(99.21) | 400(97.32) | 126(93.33) | 0.097 | 0.002 |
Exposure to others’ cigarette smoke | 980(96.55) | 369(98.40) | 395(96.34) | 125(91.91) | 0.090 | 0.004 |
Drinking more than 1 unita of alcohol per day | 635(62.81) | 267(71.01) | 243(59.71) | 68(50.37) | 0.118 | < 0.001 |
Eating less than 5 servingsa of fruit and vegetables | 856(84.50) | 329(87.04) | 342(84.03) | 111(82.84) | 0.009 | 0.764 |
Eating red or processed meat once per day or more | 705(69.25) | 296(78.31) | 261(63.50) | 92(67.65) | 0.068 | 0.030 |
Being overweight | 826(81.54) | 315(83.33) | 339(83.50) | 105(77.78) | −0.019 | 0.550 |
Getting sunburnt more than once as a child | 860(84.48) | 332(87.83) | 346(84.18) | 108(80.00) | 0.032 | 0.311 |
Being over 70 years old | 540(53.41) | 245(65.16) | 203(50.00) | 54(39.71) | 0.109 | 0.001 |
Cancer family history | 918(90.53) | 354(93.90) | 364(89.00) | 119(88.15) | 0.047 | 0.132 |
Infection with HPV (human papillomavirus) | 859(85.56) | 328(87.23) | 341(85.04) | 112(82.96) | 0.031 | 0.332 |
Having a diet low in fiber | 658(65.02) | 288(76.80) | 255(62.50) | 71(52.21) | 0.089 | 0.005 |
Total score (Median(Q1,Q3)) | 9(7,10) | 10(8,11) | 9(7,10) | 8(7,10) | 0.237 | < 0.001 |