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Table 3 Relative risk (95% CI) of cardiovascular disease in participants across quartiles of dietary insulin and glycemic scores*

From: The association between dietary glycemic and insulin indices with incidence of cardiovascular disease: Tehran lipid and glucose study

 

Quartiles

P for trend

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Insulin Index

 Median (IQR) score

44.3 (41.4–46.3)

50.0 (49.0–50.9)

53.8 (52.8–55.0)

58.9 (57.3–61.5)

 

 CVD/Total

15/549

17/550

15/549

29/550

 

 person-years

3660.2

3605.2

3623.0

3578.8

 

 Incidence rate (10.000 person year)

40.9 (24.6–67.8)

47.0 (29.2–75.7)

41.3 (24.9–68.5)

80.9 (56.2–116.4)

 

 Crude model

1.00 (ref)

1.15 (0.57–2.31)

1.01 (0.49–2.07)

1.98 (1.06–3.69)

0.033

 Model 1

1.00 (ref)

1.01 (0.50–2.04)

0.66 (0.32–1.35)

1.10 (0.58–2.08)

0.840

 Model 2

1.00 (ref)

1.16 (0.57–2.36)

0.69 (0.33–1.45)

1.24 (0.65–2.33)

0.638

Insulin Load

 Median (IQR) score

142.6 (118.8–159.0)

196.0 (183.2–209.4)

248.5 (235.2–264.8)

340.6 (307.4–393.3)

 

 CVD/Total

15/549

18/550

22/549

21/550

 

 person-years

3643.2

3643.5

3630.9

3550.1

 

 Incidence rate (10.000 person year)

41.1 (24.7–68.1)

49.3 (31.0–78.2)

60.4 (39.8–91.8)

59.0 (38.5–90.5)

 

 Crude model

1.00 (ref)

1.19 (0.60–2.37)

1.47 (0.76–2.83)

1.41 (0.73–2.75)

0.279

 Model 1

1.00 (ref)

1.26 (0.63–2.50)

1.20 (0.61–2.35)

1.38 (0.71–2.71)

0.386

 Model 2

1.00 (ref)

1.52 (0.71–3.27)

1.69 (0.71–3.77)

2.08 (0.70–6.19)

0.238

Glycemic Index

 Median (IQR) score

53.0 (49.6–55.1)

59.9 (58.7–61.0)

64.4 (63.3–65.6)

70.6 (68.6–73.3)

 

 CVD/Total

18/550

24/549

15/549

19/550

 

 person-years

3587.6

3603.9

3644.7

3629.6

 

 Incidence rate (10.000 person year)

50.0 (31.5–79.5)

66.4 (44.5–99.2)

41.0 (24.7–68.1)

52.2 (33.3–81.9)

 

 Crude model

1.00 (ref)

1.34 (0.72–2.47)

0.82 (0.41–1.64)

1.05 (0.55–2.00)

0.826

 Model 1

1.00 (ref)

1.30 (0.70–2.41)

0.87 (0.43–1.73)

1.27 (0.66–2.43)

0.703

 Model 2

1.00 (ref)

1.32 (0.71–2.46)

0.97 (0.48–1.97)

1.55 (0.80–2.99)

0.305

Glycemic Load

 Median (IQR) score

120.6 (104.2–134.8)

167.5 (157.5–178.5)

213.5 (200.9–227.4)

292.1 (265.3–333.1)

 

 CVD/Total

18/549

16/550

17/550

25/549

 

 person-years

3606.5

3677.1

3613.3

3570.9

 

 Incidence rate (10.000 person year)

49.8 (31.3–79.0)

43.4 (26.6–70.9)

46.9 (29.2–75.5)

69.9 (47.2–103.4)

 

 Crude model

1.00 (ref)

0.87 (0.44–1.71)

0.94 (0.48–1.83)

1.39 (0.76–2.56)

0.192

 Model 1

1.00 (ref)

0.88 (0.44–1.73)

0.97 (0.50–1.91)

1.42 (0.76–2.65)

0.170

 Model 2

1.00 (ref)

1.15 (0.54–2.44)

1.53 (0.66–3.50)

2.77 (1.00–7.69)

0.033

  1. *Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI)
  2. Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex
  3. Model 2: Additionally adjusted for body mass index, physical activity, smoking (yes or no), daily energy intake, diabetes, and hypertension