Perceptions of food environments and nutrition among residents of the Flathead Indian Reservation

Byker Shanks, Carmen; Ahmed, Selena; Dupuis, Virgil; Houghtaling, Bailey; Running Crane, Mary Ann; Tryon, Mike; Pierre, Mike

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09584-7

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Descriptive Statistics Regarding Food Access of Interview Participants Living on the Flathead Reservation, N = 80

From: Perceptions of food environments and nutrition among residents of the Flathead Indian Reservation

Category	No. Respondents	%	Mean (SD)
Source of Transportation^a	44
Self		61.4
Family		11.4
Friends		2.3
Spouse		11.4
Public Transport		13.6
Taxi		2.3
Nutrition Assistance Program Participation^a	54
SNAP		51.9
FDPIR		5.6
WIC		27.8
Reduced, Free School Lunch		48.2
Free Breakfast for Children		16.7
Other		13.0
Primary Food Access Site(s)^a	78
Grocery Store		76.9
Family or Friends		1.3
Local Food		1.3
Small Food Store		1.3
Specialty Food Store		7.7
Supercenter		37.2
Unknown		6.4
Wholesale Store		15.4
Secondary Food Access Sites(s)^a	62
Convenience Store		1.6
Department Store		4.8
Grocery Store		43.6
Family or Friends		4.8
Food Assistance Programs		3.2
Local Food		11.3
Small Food Store		9.7
Specialty Food Store		11.3
Supercenter		46.8
Wholesale Store		17.7
Travel Distance to Food Access Sites^a	61
Miles			25 (23.0)
Less Than One Mile		3.3
Minutes	65		50 (48.8)
Typical Travel Mode for Grocery Shopping^a	80
Walk		7.5
Personal Car		87.5
Ride with Family or Friends		11.3
Taxi		2.5
Frequency of Grocery Shopping^a	80
Once Per Week		73.8
Every Two Weeks		20.0
Once a Month		10.0
Primary Shopper^a	79
Self		90.0
Spouse or Partner		25.3
Other Family Member		10.1
Typical Grocery Expenditure ($)^a	80
< 50/week		2.5
50–99/week		30.0
100–199/week		31.3
250/month		7.5
350 month		21.3
Other		8.8
Standard or Small Refrigerator	80
Yes		2.5
No		97.5
Government Assistance Services Utilized or Applied For^a	30
Transportation Assistance		13.3
Food Bank		40.0
Home Health		3.3
Homemaker Services		3.3
Housing/Rental Assistance		30.0
Nutrition Counseling		3.3
LIEAP		53.3
Other		6.7

^aParticipant(s) responded with more than 1 choice
Percentages within a category may not add up to 100% due to rounding

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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