Table 5 Unconditional Re-centred Influence Function (RIF) quantile regression results for NFHS 3 (2005-06) and NFHS 4 (2015-16) in Bihar
| Â | NFHS 3 | NFHS 4 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 90 | 10 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 90 | |
Age of Child | −0.021 (0.038) | − 0.100*** (0.024) | − 0.148*** (0.022) | − 0.153*** (0.032) | − 0.215*** (0.040) | −0.095*** (0.025) | − 0.106*** (0.020) | − 0.171*** (0.020) | − 0.197*** (.030) | − 0.124*** (0.037) |
Age2 | −0.001 (0.001) | 0.001* (0.0007) | 0.002*** (0.0006) | 0.002** (.0008) | 0.004*** (0.001) | 0.002*** (0.0007) | 0.002*** (0.0006) | 0.003*** (0.0005) | 0.004*** (0.0008) | 0.002** (0.0009) |
Female | 0.172 (0.183) | −0.02 (0.126) | 0.024 (0.114) | 0.139 (0.150) | 0.177 (0.172) | 0.355*** (0.127) | 0.237** (0.103) | 0.167* (0.100) | 0.065 (0.140) | 0.193 (0.174) |
Birth Size | ||||||||||
 Normal |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Average and above | 0.064 (0.209) | 0.037 (0.147) | 0.089 (0.132) | 0.276 (0.175) | −0.007 (0.193) | 0.109 (0.150) | 0.142 (0.163) | 0.189 (0.135) | 0.237 (0.201) | 0.226 (0.259) |
 Small | −0.227 (0.248) | −0.102 (0.166) | − 0.187 (0.149) | − 0.109 (0.195) | − 0.106 (0.222) | − 0.256 (0.218) | − 0.245 (0.106) | −0.203 (0.149) | 0.166 (0.215) | 0.432 (0.307) |
 Early Breastfeeding (yes) | 0.538 (0.484) | 0.715** (0.336) | 0.326 (0.371) | 0.449 (.434) | 0.102 (0.484) | 0.105 (0.127) | −0.017 (0.041) | 0.049 (0.104) | 0.038 (0.147) | 0.047 (0.186) |
 No. of Siblings | −0.112** (0.055) | −0.075** (0.035) | − 0.052* (0.031) | −0.013 (.041) | 0.012 (0.047) | −0.117** (0.054) | − 0.039 (0.106) | 0.025 (0.038) | − 0.018 (0.051) | −0.036 (0.071) |
 Benefitted ICDS services (yes) | −0.187 (0.388) | − 0.150 (0.251) | 0.156 (0.205) | 0.158 (.275) | 0.362 (0.362) | −0.069 (0.128) | −0.245** (0.106) | − 0.259** (0.107) | − 0.183 (0.150) | − 0.619*** (0.199) |
Mother’s Characteristics | ||||||||||
 Institutional Delivery | − 0.206 (0.261) | −0.224 (0.171) | − 0.085 (.1490) | − 0.016 (.204) | − 0.235 (0.230) | 0.090 (0.148) | 0.224* (0.122) | −0.098 (0.114) | − 0.235 (0.168) | − 0.041 (0.210) |
 Age of mother at first birth | − 0.022 (0.035) | − 0.009 (0.024) | 0.009 (0.021) | − 0.017 (.029) | 0.004 (0.035) | 0.000 (0.019) | 0.000 (0.017) | 0.005 (0.016) | 0.009 (0.021) | 0.066** (0.028) |
 BMI of mother | 0.001* (0.0004) | 0.001*** (0.0002) | 0.001*** (0.0002) | 0.001*** (.0003) | 0.001*** (0.0003) | 0.001*** (0.0002) | 0.000*** (0.000) | 0.001*** (0.0001) | 0.000 (0.0002) | 0.000 (0.0003) |
Mother’s anaemia | ||||||||||
 Yes | −0.275 (0.205) | −0.292** (0.143) | − 0.120 (0.130) | − 0.171 (.170) | −0.088 (0.196) | − 0.200 (0.130) | 0.007 (0.109) | 0.118 (0.106) | −0.047 (0.146) | − 0.027 (0.178) |
 Mother’s height | 0.004** (0.001) | 0.006*** (0.001) | 0.005*** (0.001) | 0.005*** (.001) | 0.008*** (0.001) | 0.006*** (0.001) | 0.004*** (0.001) | 0.006*** (0.001) | 0.006*** (0.001) | 0.005*** (0.001) |
 Mother’s Education | 0.017 (0.028) | 0.019 (0.019) | 0.025 (0.019) | 0.045 (.028) | 0.014 (0.033) | 0.025 (0.015) | 0.014 (0.013) | 0.015 (0.013) | −0.033* (0.018) | 0.001 (0.024) |
 Working mother | 0.283 (0.281) | 0.199 (0.183) | −0.125 (0.152) | − 0.084 (.196) | 0.38* (0.206) | −0.241 (0.198) | − 0.316* (0.162) | − 0.051 (0.159) | − 0.210 (0.233) | 0.231 (0.253) |
 Empowerment | − 0.097 (0.067) | − 0.073 (0.048) | 0.011 (0.046) | 0.059 (.061) | 0.011 (0.070) | 0.003 (0.047) | 0.007 (0.109) | 0.036 (0.037) | 0.037 (0.053) | 0.081 (0.064) |
 media exposure | 0.090 (0.215) | 0.148 (0.147) | 0.131 (0.131) | −0.037 (.167) | −0.162 (0.176) | − 0.033 (0.043) | −0.019 (0.034) | − 0.005 (0.033) | 0.034 (0.046) | 0.001 (0.060) |
Religion | ||||||||||
 Hindu |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Muslim/Others | 0.187 (0.245) | −0.015 (0.170) | 0.108 (0.157) | 0.286 (.216) | −0.290 (0.209) | 0.035 (0.162) | −0.099 (0.145) | −0.118 (0.141) | − 0.407** (0.193) | −0.409 (0.253) |
Caste | ||||||||||
 SC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 ST | 1.489*** (0.494) | 0.427 (0.898) | 0.149 (0.707) | −0.094 (1.048) | −0.429 (0.411) | 0.249 (0.170) | 0.023 (0.130) | 0.087 (0.120) | −0.065 (0.174) | −0.029 (0.221) |
 Others | 0.069 (0.275) | 0.259 (0.186) | 0.319** (0.160) | 0.529*** (.179) | 0.309* (0.181) | 0.305 (0.212) | 0.146 (0.183) | 0.369** (0.182) | 0.160 (0.258) | −0.041 (0.329) |
 Wealth index | 0.000** (0.000) | 0.000** (0.000) | 0.000** (0.000) | 0.000** (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.000** (0.000) | 0.000** (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) |
Place of residence | ||||||||||
 Urban |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Rural | 0.207 (0.197) | 0.023 (0.136) | 0.006 (0.138) | 0.265 (.1940) | 0.085 (0.224) | −0.177 (0.194) | − 0.089 (0.170) | − 0.132 (0.170) | − 0.173 (0.250) | 0.101 (0.297) |
 Constant | −9.868*** (3.174) | −12.311*** (1.948) | −9.598*** (1.762) | −9.526*** (2.390) | −11.783*** (2.836) | − 12.537*** (2.092) | −8.243*** (1.664) | − 9.426*** (1.656) | −7.241*** (1.983) | −6.973*** (2.338) |
 R square | 0.090 | 0.171 | 0.209 | 0.176 | 0.124 | 0.061 | 0.094 | 0.177 | 0.115 | 0.062 |
 Adj. R square | 0.072 | 0.155 | 0.193 | 0.159 | 0.107 | 0.049 | 0.083 | 0.167 | 0.104 | 0.050 |