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Table 4 Unconditional Re-centred Influence Function (RIF) quantile regression results for NFHS 1 (1992-93) and NFHS 2 (1998-99) in Bihar

From: Deciphering disparities in childhood stunting in an underdeveloped state of India: an investigation applying the unconditional quantile regression method

 

NFHS 1

NFHS 2

 

10

25

50

75

90

10

25

50

75

90

Age of Child

−0.073***

(0.006)

−0.103***

(0.0078)

− 0.171***

(0.006)

− 0.173***

(0.007)

− 0.086***

(0.012)

0.025

(0.062)

− 0.104*

(0.055)

− 0.237***

(0.060)

− 0.303***

(0.085)

− 0.419**

(0.195)

Age2

0.001***

(0.0002)

0.001***

(0.0002)

0.003***

(0.0002)

0.003***

(0.0002)

0.001***

(0.0003)

−0.003

(0.002)

0.000

(0.002)

0.004**

(0.002)

0.006***

(0.002)

0.010*

(0.005)

Female

0.234***

(0.035)

0.306***

(0.040)

0.344***

(0.032)

0.367***

(0.034)

0.578***

(0.054)

0.442

(0.289)

0.625**

(0.305)

1.089***

(0.348)

0.412

(0.422)

0.480

(0.842)

Birth Size

 Normal

          

 Average and above

0.054

(0.054)

−0.102

(0.065)

0.077

(0.050)

0.485***

(0.060)

0.332***

(0.095)

0.218

(0.404)

0.580

(0.500)

0.833*

(0.451)

0.944

(0.652)

2.332

(1.472)

 Small

−0.185***

(0.049)

− 0.003

(0.054)

0.066

(0.044)

0.002

(0.047)

0.088

0.074)

−0.505

(0.518)

0.416

(0.404)

0.476

(0.465)

1.127*

(0.642)

−0.291

(1.111)

 Early Breastfeeding (Yes)

0.820***

(0.035)

1.063***

(0.095)

0.447***

(0.127)

0.422***

(0.142)

−0.242

(0.192)

−1.281

(0.927)

−1.137

(0.787)

−0.117

(0.783)

− 0.064

(1.228)

−2.467**

(1.091)

 No. of Siblings

−0.003

(0.010)

0.007

(0.012)

−0.017*

(0.009)

− 0.013

(0.010)

0.036**

(0.016)

− 0.089

(0.126)

− 0.014

(0.095)

0.109

(0.100)

0.146

(0.116)

0.158

(0.211)

Mother’s Characteristics

 Institutional Delivery (yes)

0.398***

(0.054)

0.888***

(0.066)

0.398***

(0.061)

0.135**

(0.065)

−0.192**

(0.094)

0.472

(0.579)

1.680***

(0.611)

2.231**

(0.956)

1.943

(1.298)

4.823

(3.050)

 Age of mother at first birth

−0.021***

(0.005)

0.005

(0.007)

−0.004

(0.006)

0.020***

(0.007)

0.051***

(0.011)

0.061

(0.063)

0.018

(0.063)

0.045

(0.063)

0.000

(0.072)

−0.006

(0.159)

 BMI of mother

     

0.000

(0.0004)

0.000

(0.0004)

0.001***

(0.0003)

0.001

(0.0008)

0.003

(0.002)

Mother’s anaemia

 Yes

–

–

–

–

–

0.258

(0.368)

−0.274

(0.373)

− 0.998***

(0.384)

−1.256***

(0.469)

−2.049**

(0.903)

 Mother’s height

     

0.006**

(0.003)

0.003

(0.003)

0.005*

(0.003)

0.006*

(0.004)

−0.003

(0.008)

 Mother’s Education

0.019***

(0.005)

0.003

(0.007)

0.025***

(0.006)

0.030***

(0.007)

0.025**

(0.010)

−0.003

(0.084)

−0.047

(0.097)

− 0.100

(0.089)

−0.187**

(0.075)

− 0.213

(0.201)

 Working mother

−0.228***

(0.048)

− 0.551***

(0.054)

− 0.371***

(0.040)

− 0.240***

(0.041)

−0.357***

(0.062)

− 1.16**

(0.568)

− 1.52***

(0.553)

− 0.868

(1.089)

−0.331

(1.132)

0.354

(3.189)

 Empowerment

     

−0.096

(0.141)

0.019

(0.128)

−0.252**

(0.103)

−0.193

(0.129)

− 0.316

(0.239)

 Media exposure

−0.016

(0.030)

0.011

(0.033)

0.157***

(0.028)

0.172***

(0.034)

0.241***

(0.053)

0.020

(0.281)

−0.247

(0.484)

−0.341

(0.440)

− 0.394

(0.458)

−1.629*

(0.927)

Religion

 Hindu

          

 Muslim/Others

−0.115***

(0.045)

−0.141***

(0.052)

− 0.073*

(0.042)

−0.115***

(0.043)

0.075

(0.068)

−0.468

(0.585)

0.481

(0.501)

0.912

(0.619)

0.802

(0.765)

2.375

(1.774)

Caste

 SC

          

 ST

0.480***

(0.085)

1.018***

(0.098)

0.360***

(0.077)

0.179**

(0.082)

−0.435***

(0.138)

0.126

(1.215)

−1.027

(0.831)

−0.097

(0.830)

0.325

(1.132)

0.369

(2.086)

 Others

0.355***

(0.070)

0.765***

(0.077)

0.168***

(0.057)

−0.095

(0.063)

−0.533***

(0.138)

0.030

(0.361)

−0.637*

(0.353)

− 0.100

(0.371)

−0.249

(0.447)

0.407

(0.871)

 Wealth index

−0.004

(0.018)

0.137***

(0.020)

0.086***

(0.017)

0.053***

(0.018)

0.193***

(0.030)

−0.028

(0.210)

−0.192

(0.199)

− 0.053

(0.189)

−0.008

(0.241)

− 0.086

(0.475)

Place of residence

 Urban

          

 Rural

0.241***

(0.061)

0.523***

(0.068)

0.027

(0.055)

−0.282***

(0.065)

−0.131

(0.099)

−1.262*

(0.723)

0.304

0.984)

1.695*

(0.923)

0.144

(1.139)

−1.302

(2.430)

 Constant

−4.321***

(0.145)

−3.87***

(0.166)

−1.037***

(0.138)

0.336**

(0.162)

0.426

(0.278)

−11.677***

(4.289)

−6.495

(4.362)

−12.044***

(4.633)

− 10.286*

(5.978)

2.286

(12.925)

 R square

0.0423

0.0938

0.1361

0.1318

0.0456

0.211

0.247

0.3207

0.2267

0.174

 Adj. R square

0.0414

0.0929

0.1352

0.131

0.0446

0.127

0.167

0.2482

0.1443

0.0859

  1. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; Source: Computed by the authors from unit-level data of NFHS 1 and NFHS 2; Values in parenthesis are standard errors