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Table 1 Baseline and 2 years follow-up characteristics by immigration status: Swedish-born population and Foreign-born population

From: Predictive association between immigration status and chronic pain in the general population: results from the SwePain cohort

Characteristics, n (%) otherwise stated

Swedish-born population (N = 14,093; 90%)

Foreign-born population (N = 1470; 10%)

p value

Baseline

 Age (mean, SD)

51.9 (18.5)

48.9 (17.2)

< 0.001

 Women

7599 (54)

813 (55)

0.32

 Married

7015 (50)

810 (55)

0.95

 University education

5062 (37)

527 (38)

0.66

 Financial hardship

1512 (11)

451 (32)

< 0.001

 Pain intensity (mean, SD)

5.2 (1.9)

5.4 (2.1)

0.21

 GWBS Anxiety (mean, SD)

7.1 (5.1)

8.9 (5.3)

< 0.001

 GWBS Depression (mean SD)

4.9 (3.7)

6.5 (4.3)

< 0.001

 CP

5285 (38)

632 (44)

0.007

 CWSP

1012 (7)

174 (12)

< 0.001

 Severe CP

391 (27)

54 (34)

0.06

2 years follow-up

Swedish-born population (N = 10,496; 92%)

Foreign-born population (N = 890; 8%)

 

 Age (mean, SD)

56.0 (17.6)

53.3 (16.7)

< 0.001

 Women

5674 (55)

483 (56)

0.90

 Married

5601 (53)

504 (56)

< 0.001

 University education

4058 (39)

356 (42)

0.43

 Financial hardship

846 (8)

213 (25)

< 0.001

 Pain intensity (mean, SD)

4.7 (1.9)

5.3 (2.1)

< 0.001

 GWBS Anxiety (mean, SD)

6.9 (5.1)

8.4 (5.4)

< 0.001

 GWBS Depression (mean SD)

4.9 (3.7)

6.1 (4.3)

< 0.001

 CP

4083 (39)

395 (45)

< 0.001

 CWSP

793 (8)

101 (11)

< 0.001

 Severe CP

951 (20)

158 (32)

< 0.001

  1. Notes: CP=Chronic pain, CWSP=Chronic widespread pain, CGWBS = General Well-Being Scale, SD = standard deviation