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Table 3 Associations between different forms of intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy, Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, 2016

From: The mediation effect of contraceptive use and women’s autonomy on the relationship between intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia

IPV forms

Category

Participant had unintended pregnancy

COR (95% CI)

p-value

AOR (95% CI)a

p-value

Physical IPV

No

Reference

Yes

1.23 (0.93, 1.64)

0.144

1.19 (0.87, 1.62)

0.270

Sexual IPV

No

Reference

Yes

1.78 (1.26, 2.50)

0.001

1.71 (1.18, 2.48)

0.004

Emotional IPV

No

Reference

Yes

1.52 (1.13, 2.04)

0.006

1.40 (1.02, 1.93)

0.037

Partner controlling behaviour

No

Reference

Yes

1.23 (0.95, 1.59)

0.115

1.18 (0.91, 1.53)

0.210

IPV (all)b

No

Reference

Yes

1.20 (0.90, 1.59)

0.211

1.13 (0.85, 1.49)

0.406

IPV (physical, sexual, or emotional)c

No

Reference

Yes

1.46 (1.13, 1.90)

0.005

1.39 (1.05, 1.85)

0.021

Partner controlling behaviourd

No

Reference

Single

1.34 (0.99, 1.83)

0.062

1.30 (0.95, 1.79)

0.102

Multiple

1.67 (1.24, 2.24)

0.001

1.57 (1.16, 2.14)

0.004

  1. IPV intimate partner violence, COR crude odds ratio, CI confidence interval, AOR adjusted odds ratio; aThe models were adjusted for age of women, education, rurality (urban/rural), religion, region of residence, number of children ever born, and wealth; b‘Yes’ if women reported experiencing at least one of the four IPV forms; cwe assessed this association to allow comparison with previous research that investigated IPV as a combination of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse only i.e. without including partner control; dwe tested the hypothesis that the concentration of behaviours (multiple controlling acts) have a more significant effect than any single behaviour on unintended pregnancy