Skip to main content

Table 4 The consensus over 75% on components related to the functions and policymaking of health system in Iran extracted from Paris Agreement on climate change

From: Health system plan for implementation of Paris agreement on climate change (COP 21): a qualitative study in Iran

 

Pillar1: Mitigation

Mean ± SD

Consensus (%)

1

Limiting the greenhouse gas emissions from health buildings and facilities

4.00 ± 0.73

75%

2

Participation of the Ministry of Health in formulation of strategies, programs and implementation of mitigation measures by emphasizing on the health effects of climate change

4.37 ± 0.80

93.8%

3

Improving the efficiency of energy carriers and using renewable and clean energies in health centers and all health-related manufacturing units, including cosmetics, health, and pharmaceuticals

4.12 ± 0.50

93.8%

4

Reducing the energy, water, and waste production consumption in the health services and manufacturing centers

4.18 ± 0.54

93.8%

5

Reducing fossil fuel consumption in the health services and manufacturing centers

3.93 ± 0.92

81.2%

6

Intergovernmental cooperation in formulation and implementation of mitigation laws

4.31 ± 1.07

87.5%

7

Paying attention to the resolutions of the supreme council regarding health and food security on formulation of laws on climate change

4.25 ± 0.68

87.5%

Pillar 2: Adaptation

 

Capacity building

Mean

Consensus (%)

8

Increasing the capacity of healthcare infrastructures and providing safe facilities based on population needs and density for more coverage of health services related to climate change consequences

4.18 ± 0.65

87.5%

9

Implementing structural, non-structural, and functional measures in hospitals and health centers to reduce the vulnerability to the consequences of extreme climate events

4.00 ± 0.89

75%

10

Using the laboratory networks to quickly detect and control the communicable diseases sensitive to climate change

4.12 ± 0.95

75%

11

Increasing the access to safe and sanitary water

4.87 ± 1.25

75%

12

Using indigenous and local capacity for adaptation to health effects of climate change

4.18 ± 0.83

87.5%

13

Developing the guidelines for protecting and adapting the people in jobs sensitive to climatic variables

3.93 ± 1.18

75%

14

Developing the strategies for resilient health system to cope with the health consequences of climate change

4.00 ± 1.09

87.5%

15

Promoting the healthcare procedures in order to cope with the adverse health effects of climate change

4.18 ± 0.75

81.2%

16

Identifying the vulnerable groups in relation to the consequences of climate change and performing special protective interventions for them

4.43 ± 0.89

87.5%

17

Participation of the health system in formulation of national adaptation plan

4.62 ± 0.61

93.8%

18

Developing the public health insurance coverage to increase the adaptation to the consequences of climate change

4.18 ± 0.75

81.2%

19

Formulating the protocols for identification of the diseases and healthcare intervention for diseases sensitive to climate change

4.62 ± 0.80

93.8%

20

Establishing the membership of the Ministry of Health in national and international working groups on climate change

4.56 ± 0.51

100%

21

Applying prevention and control measures for emerging and re-emerging diseases caused by climate change

4.62 ± 0.55

100%

22

Applying the interventions to control climatic risk factors

4.43 ± 0.62

93.8%

23

Providing the provincial adaptation plans according to their risks

4.56 ± 0.62

93.8%

24

Providing the health services related to the health effects of climate change equitably and without discrimination on the grounds of sex and ethnicity

4.25 ± 1.06

87.5%

25

Providing the national plans for nutrition management in extreme climate events such as floods, heat waves, and cold waves

4.18 ± 0.65

87.5%

26

Providing the National Adaptation Strategy and Plan of Action (NASPA) for health issues related to climate changes by the Ministry of Health

4.81 ± 0.40

100%

27

Providing the healthcare preparedness plans for extreme climate events to reduce the mortalities and injuries

4.43 ± 0.51

100%

28

Creating an Incident Command System (ICS) in case of extreme climate events to quickly respond to such emergencies

4.25 ± 0.68

87.5%

29

Saving health-related resources in order to become prepared against the extreme climate events

4.06 ± 0.68

81.2%

30

Integrating the comprehensive risk assessment plans for extreme climate events in the health service delivery system

4.31 ± 0.60

93.8%

 

Advocacy

Mean

Consensus (%)

31

Involving the participation of the public and private institutions in the measures related to climate change

4.00 ± 0.89

75%

32

Performing the intergovernmental cooperation on nutrition policies, especially in critical situations

4.00 ± 0.96

81.2%

33

Implementing the international agreements and partnerships to control the communicable diseases through the borders

4.56 ± 0.72

87.5%

 

Technology development and transfer

Mean

Consensus (%)

34

Collaboration of the Ministry of Health with the universities in applying new technologies for adaptation

4.06 ± 0.77

75%

35

Reducing the waste production in the health centers and hospitals using modern methods of re-engineering the processes and upgrading the existing systems

4.23 ± 0.68

87.5%

36

Modernization and rehabilitation of the technologies and processes to reduce energy consumption in the pharmaceutical and sanitary industries

4.00 ± 0.81

81.2%

37

Using modern methods to predict the outbreak of climate change-sensitive diseases

4.43 ± 0.51

100%

 

Financial affairs

Mean

Consensus (%)

38

Encouraging the authorities to allocate the funds in order to reduce the health effects of climate change in the country’s annual budget

4.18 ± 1.10

81.2%

39

Funding for topics related to the health and climate change in the Ministry of Health

4.31 ± 1.01

93.8%

40

Obtaining macroeconomic support at the High Council of Economics on climate change and health issue

4.12 ± 0.80

75%

41

Providing the insurance coverage for the health centers to enhance the resilience in extreme climate events

3.06 ± 0.92

75%

 

Assessment, evaluation and monitoring

Mean

Consensus (%)

42

Continuous and systematic monitoring of the processes and measures taken to deal with the health effects of climate change

4.00 ± 1.15

75%

43

Vulnerability assessment of different population groups

4.06 ± 1.06

75%

44

Evaluating the effectiveness of adaptation and mitigation measures

4.06 ± 1.18

81.2%

45

Monitoring health information to provide early warning about the health effects of climate change

4.56 ± 0.62

93.8%

46

Cooperation with the country’s meteorological organization in monitoring of climatic variables (temperature and precipitation), amount of pollutants, and suspended particulate matter

4.00 ± 1.09

75%

47

Evaluating the effectiveness of adaptation interventions

4.50 ± 0.63

93.8%

48

Using health data in simulation and prediction models of disease burden

4.43 ± 0.72

87.5%

49

Monitoring of diseases sensitive to climate change through the national system in order to register the diseases

4.56 ± 0.51

100%

50

Monitoring of the climatic abnormalities including pollutants, dust, heat waves, cold waves, and providing related health plans

4.18 ± 0.98

87.5%

51

Diagnosing and rapid treatment of climate change-related diseases

4.31 ± 0.60

93.8%

52

Developing early warning and monitoring systems for heat and cold stresses as well as climate hazards

3.93 ± 1.34

75%

53

Assessing the deaths and injuries caused by the extreme climate events

4.06 ± 0.80

81.2%

 

Education and research

Mean

Consensus (%)

54

Providing scientific evidence related to health and climatic variables in order to implement the health-related interventions

4.31 ± 0.60

93.8%

55

Increasing the knowledge and skills of health system staff about direct and indirect health effects of climate change

4.75 ± 0.44

100%

56

Collaboration with other educational institutions to strengthen the research and transfer of scientific knowledge related to health and climate change

4.37 ± 0.61

93.8%

57

Holding the conferences and workshops in relation to adaption to the effects of climate change

4.25 ± 0.68

87.5%

58

Collaboration with the public and private institutions to promote the education on health-related effects of climate change

4.25 ± 0.68

87.5%

59

Integrating the research findings into health policy-making to reduce the health risks

4.50 ± 0.63

93.8%

60

Developing human and research resources in the studies related to the health and climate change

4.18 ± 0.98

75%

61

Developing the educational headings on increasing the adaptation, reducing the vulnerability, and mitigation for students and university graduates

4.37 ± 1.02

93.8%

62

Collaboration with the international research centers to apply the updating science on the health effects of climate change

4.43 ± 0.81

93.8%

63

Increasing the possibility of participation and presence of health researchers in academic communities associated with climate change

3.81 ± 0.75

75%

64

Using the modern science and knowledge to enhance the individual and community adaptation

4.06 ± 1.06

81.2%

65

Performing the applied research to create individual and community adaptation in order to deal with the health effects of climate change

4.18 ± 0.83

75%

 

Reporting and sharing information

Mean

Consensus (%)

66

Sharing the information and knowledge between the academic centers, the Ministry of Health and other relevant organizations to prevent the parallel works

4.12 ± 1.02

87.5%

67

Active participation of the health sector in climate change conventions and related scientific assemblies

4.37 ± 0.80

93.8%

68

Using all the available information and information synergies between the partner organizations

4.18 ± 0.83

75%

69

Applying the experiences and lessons learned from international conventions by the health system

4.50 ± 0.63

93.8%

70

Providing continuous and periodic reports on health system achievements and interventions for controlling the health effects caused by the climate change

4.50 ± 0.63

93.8%

71

Holding annual and joint reviews meetings, and generalization of successful experiences and lessons learned from meetings of national groups and international agencies by the Department of Environment

4.06 ± 0.92

75%

 

Public education

Mean

Consensus (%)

72

Cultivating and raising the public and individual awareness about the health effects of climate changes

4.56 ± 0.51

100%

73

Cooperation with the medias to develop the educational programs for health warning related to climate change by the Ministry of Health

4.68 ± 0.47

100%

74

Providing the education in schools and higher education institutions about climate change and related health effects

4.31 ± 0.60

93.8%

75

Conducting the public and specialized conferences on health and climate change

4.00 ± 0.89

75%

76

Providing the educational packages including videos and pamphlets by the Ministry of Health on how to use personal protective equipment and adapt to health-related consequences of climate change

4.25 ± 0.77

81.2%

77

Increasing the public awareness about self-care in coping with the climatic disasters

4.62 ± 0.71

87.5%

78

Publishing the results of the research associated with climate change for the public

4.25 ± 0.68

87.5%

79

Enhancing the ability and readiness of the community to counteract the adverse health effects of climate change and extreme climate events

4.18 ± 0.75

81.2%