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Table 3 Effect of the intervention on study outcomes

From: Cluster-randomised trial to test the effect of a behaviour change intervention on toilet use in rural India: results and methodological considerations

Item

Control

Intervention

PD, %

95% CI

APD%

95% CI

ICC

N

%

N

%

Baseline

 Use of toilet by all household members (irrespective of apparent toilet use)

328

87.0

303

83.4

−4.9

   

Endline

Primary outcome

  Use of toilet by all household members

1208

83.8

1275

90.0

6.3

1.1 / 11.4

5.0

−0.1 / 10.1

0.14

Secondary outcomes

  Individually reported toilet use (reported use not collapsed at household level)

6174

85.1

6679

91.2

6.1

1.1 / 11.2

4.6

−0.5 / 9.7

0.17

  Individually reported toilet use (physical activity tool)

2253

80.7

2483

82.2

1.5

−3.4 / 6.4

0.12

  Individually reported toilet use (physical activity tool) restricted to households also taking part in endline survey

1636

82.8

1736

85.9

3.3

−1.7 / 8.3

1.7

−3.2 / 6.7

0.11

  1. PD prevalence difference, calculated using linear regression (function: Gaussian, link: identity). Clustering at village level was adjusted for by using generalised estimating equations and robust standard errors. APD adjusted prevalence difference. PD was adjusted for asset index (continuous variable) and maximum male education level (dichotomised into primary or less vs secondary or higher)