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Table 3 Multivariable-adjusted mean changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors (95% CI) over 6ā€‰years of follow-up among individuals without CVD or diabetes or prediabetes at baseline, (normoglycemic adults only) according to quartiles of sedentary time and meeting guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (Nā€‰~ā€‰3014)

From: Are sedentary behavior and physical activity independently associated with cardiometabolic benefits? The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Change in CVD risk factors

Sedentary time

P-trend

MVPA guidelinesa

P

Quartile 1

(3.4ā€“10.7ā€‰h)

Quartile 2

(10.7ā€“11.9ā€‰h)

Quartile 3

(11.9ā€“12.8ā€‰h)

Quartile 4

(12.8ā€“16.0ā€‰h)

Not meet

Meet

BMI, kg/m2

ā€ƒModel 1

1.17 (0.86, 1.49)

1.22 (0.95, 1.48)

1.17 (0.83, 1.51)

1.31 (1.06, 1.56)

0.58

1.14 (0.95, 1.34)

1.29 (1.08, 1.49)

0.30

ā€ƒModel 2

1.16 (0.83, 1.49)

1.19 (0.94, 1.44)

1.16 (0.85, 1.47)

1.31 (1.05, 1.57)

0.51

1.08 (0.89, 1.28)

1.33 (1.11, 1.54)

0.09

ā€ƒModel 3

1.10 (0.75, 1.46)

1.19 (0.93, 1.44)

1.18 (0.86, 1.49)

1.35 (1.08, 1.62)

0.32

1.04 (0.83, 1.25)

1.37 (1.15, 1.60)

0.04

Waist circumference, cm

ā€ƒModel 1

2.83 (1.97, 3.69)

3.03 (2.16, 3.90)

2.86 (1.83, 3.90)

3.80 (3.02, 4.59)

0.17

2.67 (2.02, 3.31)

3.62 (3.03, 4.20)

0.02

ā€ƒModel 2

2.91 (1.97, 3.85)

3.09 (2.26, 3.92)

2.97 (2.05, 3.89)

3.38 (2.61, 4.15)

0.51

2.83 (2.19, 3.46)

3.36 (2.75, 3.96)

0.20

ā€ƒModel 3

2.75 (1.71, 3.80)

3.08 (2.25, 3.91)

3.01 (2.09, 3.94)

3.49 (2.69, 4.30)

0.35

2.73 (2.06, 3.39)

3.46 (2.83, 4.09)

0.11

Systolic BP, mmHg

ā€ƒModel 1

1.37 (0.20, 2.54)

0.51 (āˆ’0.82, 1.85)

1.09 (āˆ’0.06, 2.24)

0.60 (āˆ’ā€‰0.52, 1.72)

0.42

1.00 (0.10, 1.89)

0.76 (āˆ’ā€‰0.20, 1.72)

0.73

ā€ƒModel 2

1.40 (0.15, 2.65)

0.64 (āˆ’0.67, 1.95)

1.44 (0.30, 2.57)

0.37 (āˆ’0.74, 1.48)

0.34

1.01 (0.11, 1.91)

0.86 (āˆ’0.12, 1.84)

0.83

ā€ƒModel 3

1.69 (0.38, 3.01)

0.63 (āˆ’0.67, 1.94)

1.31 (0.16, 2.46)

0.23 (āˆ’0.88, 1.34)

0.16

1.06 (0.11, 2.00)

0.81 (āˆ’0.20, 1.83)

0.75

Diastolic BP, mmHg

ā€ƒModel 1

1.52 (0.46, 2.58)

1.26 (0.32, 2.20)

1.27 (0.24, 2.29)

1.78 (0.84, 2.71)

0.78

1.28 (0.54, 2.01)

1.62 (0.87, 2.36)

0.52

ā€ƒModel 2

1.75 (0.65, 2.85)

1.47 (0.52, 2.42)

1.35 (0.39, 2.30)

1.32 (0.44, 2.20)

0.53

1.39 (0.68, 2.10)

1.51 (0.73, 2.28)

0.83

ā€ƒModel 3

1.98 (0.77, 3.19)

1.48 (0.52, 2.43)

1.29 (0.31, 2.27)

1.16 (0.26, 2.06)

0.30

1.47 (0.69, 2.25)

1.43 (0.62, 2.23)

0.94

LDL-cholesterol, mg/dl

ā€ƒModel 1

āˆ’3.33 (āˆ’5.59, āˆ’1.07)

āˆ’0.35 (āˆ’3.09, 2.38)

āˆ’0.41 (āˆ’3.21, 2.39)

āˆ’0.07 (āˆ’2.58, 2.43)

0.05

āˆ’ā€‰0.05 (āˆ’2.14, 2.05)

āˆ’2.06 (āˆ’ā€‰3.81, āˆ’ā€‰0.31)

0.13

ā€ƒModel 2

āˆ’4.05 (āˆ’6.29, āˆ’ā€‰1.80)

āˆ’0.34 (āˆ’ā€‰2.93, 2.25)

āˆ’0.17 (āˆ’ā€‰2.75, 2.41)

0.16 (āˆ’ā€‰2.06, 2.39)

0.01

0.21 (āˆ’1.69, 2.10)

āˆ’2.40 (āˆ’ā€‰4.21, āˆ’ā€‰0.59)

0.04

ā€ƒModel 3

āˆ’ā€‰3.94 (āˆ’ā€‰6.37, āˆ’ā€‰1.52)

āˆ’ā€‰0.32 (āˆ’ā€‰2.94, 2.31)

āˆ’0.27 (āˆ’ā€‰2.84, 2.31)

0.14 (āˆ’2.15, 2.42)

0.03

āˆ’ā€‰0.60 (āˆ’ā€‰2.54, 1.33)

āˆ’ā€‰1.61 (āˆ’ā€‰3.52, 0.30)

0.47

HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl

ā€ƒModel 1

1.13 (0.04, 2.23)

0.95 (0.02, 1.89)

2.36 (1.06, 3.66)

1.31 (0.33, 2.29)

0.49

1.69 (0.94, 2.44)

1.22 (0.49, 1.96)

0.39

ā€ƒModel 2

1.66 (0.45, 2.86)

0.90 (0.06, 1.74)

2.19 (1.00, 3.39)

0.94 (āˆ’0.08, 1.96)

0.66

1.77 (1.00, 2.55)

1.09 (0.37, 1.82)

0.21

ā€ƒModel 3

1.92 (0.54, 3.29)

0.92 (0.08, 1.76)

2.13 (0.92, 3.35)

0.74 (āˆ’0.33, 1.81)

0.41

1.80 (0.98, 2.62)

1.06 (0.27, 1.85)

0.23

Triglycerides, mg/dl b

ā€ƒModel 1

1.02 (0.97, 1.08)

0.96 (0.90, 1.02)

0.96 (0.92, 1.01)

1.00 (0.95, 1.05)

0.48

0.98 (0.96, 1.01)

0.99 (0.95, 1.03)

0.92

ā€ƒModel 2

1.01 (0.95, 1.07)

0.96 (0.91, 1.02)

0.96 (0.92, 1.01)

1.00 (0.96, 1.05)

0.73

0.97 (0.94, 1.00)

0.99 (0.96, 1.03)

0.38

ā€ƒModel 3

1.00 (0.94, 1.06)

0.96 (0.91, 1.02)

0.97 (0.92, 1.01)

1.01 (0.97, 1.06)

0.77

0.97 (0.94, 1.01)

0.99 (0.95, 1.03)

0.47

Fasting glucose, mg/dl

ā€ƒModel 1

3.82 (2.99, 4.64)

3.12 (2.28, 3.95)

3.64 (2.79, 4.49)

3.79 (2.90, 4.68)

0.94

4.28 (3.67, 4.89)

2.89 (2.30, 3.49)

0.0004

ā€ƒModel 2

3.41 (2.58, 4.24)

3.04 (2.26, 3.82)

3.64 (2.80, 4.47)

4.08 (3.23, 4.93)

0.22

3.94 (3.33, 4.54)

3.16 (2.57, 3.75)

0.05

ā€ƒModel 3

3.38 (2.52, 4.24)

3.04 (2.26, 3.82)

3.67 (2.83, 4.51)

4.08 (3.21, 4.94)

0.21

4.00 (3.40, 4.60)

3.10 (2.49, 3.71)

0.02

2-h glucose, mg/dl

ā€ƒModel 1

10.78 (7.52, 14.04)

8.92 (5.17, 12.66)

8.66 (4.79, 12.53)

12.47 (9.49, 15.44)

0.56

10.23 (7.81, 12.66)

10.06 (7.38, 12.75)

0.92

ā€ƒModel 2

10.08 (6.82, 13.34)

9.14 (5.36, 12.92)

8.51 (4.86, 12.16)

13.11 (10.21, 16.00)

0.22

10.15 (7.86, 12.44)

10.17 (7.42, 12.92)

0.99

ā€ƒModel 3

11.84 (8.62, 15.06)

9.20 (5.44, 12.96)

8.07 (4.27, 11.87)

11.83 (8.82, 14.84)

0.77

9.70 (7.33, 12.07)

10.61 (7.89, 13.33)

0.58

HbA1c, mg/dl

ā€ƒModel 1

0.13 (0.11, 0.15)

0.14 (0.12, 0.16)

0.16 (0.13, 0.18)

0.17 (0.14, 0.19)

0.02

0.15 (0.13, 0.16)

0.15 (0.13, 0.17)

0.64

ā€ƒModel 2

0.13 (0.10, 0.15)

0.14 (0.12, 0.16)

0.16 (0.14, 0.19)

0.16 (0.14, 0.19)

0.02

0.15 (0.13, 0.16)

0.15 (0.13, 0.17)

0.68

ā€ƒModel 3

0.13 (0.11, 0.16)

0.14 (0.12, 0.16)

0.16 (0.14, 0.19)

0.16 (0.14, 0.19)

0.08

0.14 (0.13, 0.16)

0.16 (0.14, 0.17)

0.24

Fasting insulin, mU/L b

ā€ƒModel 1

1.28 (1.20, 1.38)

1.25 (1.17, 1.34)

1.29 (1.21, 1.38)

1.28 (1.21, 1.36)

0.97

1.32 (1.26, 1.37)

1.24 (1.18, 1.30)

0.02

ā€ƒModel 2

1.24 (1.16, 1.33)

1.25 (1.18, 1.33)

1.28 (1.21, 1.37)

1.33 (1.25, 1.41)

0.09

1.30 (1.25, 1.36)

1.25 (1.19, 1.31)

0.14

ā€ƒModel 3

1.26 (1.17, 1.35)

1.25 (1.18, 1.33)

1.29 (1.21, 1.38)

1.30 (1.23, 1.38)

0.36

1.30 (1.25, 1.36)

1.25 (1.18, 1.31)

0.11

HOMA-IRb

ā€ƒModel 1

1.34 (1.24, 1.44)

1.29 (1.20, 1.38)

1.34 (1.25, 1.44)

1.33 (1.25, 1.42)

0.94

1.38 (1.31, 1.44)

1.27 (1.21, 1.34)

0.005

ā€ƒModel 2

1.28 (1.19, 1.38)

1.28 (1.20, 1.37)

1.33 (1.25, 1.43)

1.39 (1.31, 1.48)

0.07

1.36 (1.30, 1.42)

1.29 (1.22, 1.36)

0.07

ā€ƒModel 3

1.30 (1.20, 1.41)

1.29 (1.21, 1.37)

1.34 (1.25, 1.44)

1.36 (1.28, 1.45)

0.30

1.36 (1.30, 1.43)

1.28 (1.22, 1.35)

0.05

  1. Excluded 5035 adults with prediabetes (nā€‰=ā€‰3301), diabetes (nā€‰=ā€‰1629) or CVD (nā€‰=ā€‰509). Note adults may have prediabetes with CVD (nā€‰=ā€‰201), or diabetes with CVD (nā€‰=ā€‰203).
  2. aMeeting 2018 physical activity guidelines defined using measured activity scaled to 7ā€‰days of accelerometer wear as 150ā€‰min/week moderate-intensity physical activity, 75ā€‰min/week vigorous-intensity physical activity, or an equivalent combination of both
  3. bGeometric means (95% CI) presented for triglycerides, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR
  4. Model 1 adjusted for age at baseline, sex, use of medications that affect the dependent variable at baseline and/or visit2, baseline levels of the dependent variable, and elapsed time between visits
  5. Model 2 further adjusted for baseline household income, education, employment status, Hispanic/Latino background, field center, and nativity status, smoking, alcohol consumption, health insurance status, healthcare utilization, self-reported health, diet quality and change in health insurance
  6. Model 3 adjusted for Model 2 covariates and sedentary time in models of MVPA or MVPA in models of sedentary time
  7. Significant findings pā€‰<ā€‰0.05 bolded