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Table 2 Multivariable-adjusted mean changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors (95% CI) over 6ā€‰years of follow-up, according to quartiles of sedentary time and meeting guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (Nā€‰~ā€‰7900, 2ā€‰h glucose Nā€‰~ā€‰5800)a (No exclusions)

From: Are sedentary behavior and physical activity independently associated with cardiometabolic benefits? The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Change in CVD risk factors

Sedentary time

P-trend

MVPA guidelinesb

P

Quartile 1

(0.8ā€“10.8ā€‰h)

Quartile 2

(10.8ā€“12.0ā€‰h)

Quartile 3

(12.0ā€“13.0ā€‰h)

Quartile 4

(13.0ā€“16.0ā€‰h)

Not meet

Meet

BMI, kg/m2

ā€ƒModel 1

0.69 (0.50, 0.88)

0.83 (0.63, 1.04)

0.54 (0.34, 0.73)

0.68 (0.50, 0.87)

0.53

0.65 (0.53, 0.78)

0.73 (0.57, 0.89)

0.39

ā€ƒModel 2

0.67 (0.47, 0.87)

0.80 (0.60, 1.01)

0.55 (0.36, 0.74)

0.69 (0.50, 0.88)

0.75

0.62 (0.49, 0.74)

0.76 (0.60, 0.92)

0.16

ā€ƒModel 3

0.63 (0.41, 0.84)

0.80 (0.60, 1.00)

0.56 (0.37, 0.75)

0.73 (0.53, 0.92)

0.83

0.61 (0.47, 0.74)

0.77 (0.60, 0.93)

0.14

Waist circumference, cm

ā€ƒModel 1

2.22 (1.72, 2.72)

2.23 (1.64, 2.81)

1.78 (1.16, 2.41)

2.96 (2.41, 3.52)

0.19

2.12 (1.74, 2.49)

2.53 (2.10, 2.96)

0.13

ā€ƒModel 2

2.36 (1.83, 2.89)

2.30 (1.71, 2.89)

1.84 (1.26, 2.43)

2.57 (2.01, 3.12)

0.97

2.25 (1.87, 2.63)

2.29 (1.87, 2.72)

0.88

ā€ƒModel 3

2.35 (1.78, 2.93)

2.30 (1.71, 2.89)

1.85 (1.26, 2.43)

2.57 (2.00, 3.15)

0.93

2.22 (1.82, 2.62)

2.33 (1.89, 2.77)

0.71

Systolic BP, mmHg

ā€ƒModel 1

0.89 (0.14, 1.65)

1.39 (0.51, 2.27)

0.84 (0.01, 1.66)

0.69 (āˆ’0.13, 1.52)

0.60

0.94 (0.35, 1.52)

0.97 (0.31, 1.63)

0.94

ā€ƒModel 2

0.84 (0.02, 1.66)

1.45 (0.59, 2.30)

0.97 (0.15, 1.79)

0.59 (āˆ’0.24, 1.43)

0.64

1.04 (0.43, 1.65)

0.86 (0.21, 1.51)

0.68

ā€ƒModel 3

1.01 (0.13, 1.89)

1.45 (0.60, 2.30)

0.93 (0.10, 1.75)

0.46 (āˆ’0.38, 1.31)

0.34

1.05 (0.42, 1.68)

0.85 (0.15, 1.54)

0.69

Diastolic BP, mmHg

ā€ƒModel 1

āˆ’0.17 (āˆ’ā€‰0.78, 0.45)

0.30 (āˆ’ā€‰0.32, 0.93)

āˆ’0.02 (āˆ’ā€‰0.66, 0.61)

0.26 (āˆ’ā€‰0.40, 0.93)

0.45

āˆ’0.14 (āˆ’ā€‰0.60, 0.32)

0.39 (āˆ’ā€‰0.12, 0.89)

0.115

ā€ƒModel 2

āˆ’ā€‰0.06 (āˆ’ā€‰0.69, 0.58)

0.47 (āˆ’ā€‰0.15, 1.08)

0.06 (āˆ’ā€‰0.55, 0.68)

āˆ’0.18 (āˆ’ā€‰0.85, 0.49)

0.73

0.01 (āˆ’ā€‰0.45, 0.47)

0.15 (āˆ’ā€‰0.36, 0.66)

0.67

ā€ƒModel 3

0.04 (āˆ’ā€‰0.65, 0.73)

0.48 (āˆ’ā€‰0.14, 1.09)

0.03 (āˆ’ā€‰0.59, 0.64)

āˆ’0.25 (āˆ’ā€‰0.92, 0.43)

0.48

0.04 (āˆ’ā€‰0.45, 0.52)

0.11 (āˆ’ā€‰0.44, 0.67)

0.84

LDL-cholesterol, mg/dl

ā€ƒModel 1

āˆ’5.22 (āˆ’6.91, āˆ’3.53)

āˆ’3.89 (āˆ’5.97, āˆ’1.81)

āˆ’4.63 (āˆ’ā€‰6.64, āˆ’2.62)

āˆ’4.68 (āˆ’ā€‰6.70, āˆ’ā€‰2.67)

0.74

āˆ’ā€‰4.39 (āˆ’ā€‰5.74, āˆ’ā€‰3.03)

āˆ’ā€‰4.88 (āˆ’ā€‰6.32, āˆ’ā€‰3.44)

0.59

ā€ƒModel 2

āˆ’5.79 (āˆ’7.53, āˆ’ā€‰4.05)

āˆ’3.91 (āˆ’ā€‰6.03, āˆ’ā€‰1.79)

āˆ’4.25 (āˆ’ā€‰6.23, āˆ’ā€‰2.26)

āˆ’4.61 (āˆ’ā€‰6.48, āˆ’ā€‰2.74)

0.36

āˆ’4.21 (āˆ’ā€‰5.51, āˆ’ā€‰2.91)

āˆ’ā€‰5.18 (āˆ’ā€‰6.64, āˆ’ā€‰3.71)

0.28

ā€ƒModel 3

āˆ’5.94 (āˆ’ā€‰7.82, āˆ’ā€‰4.07)

āˆ’3.92 (āˆ’ā€‰6.05, āˆ’ā€‰1.79)

āˆ’ā€‰4.12 (āˆ’ā€‰6.13, āˆ’ā€‰2.12)

āˆ’ā€‰4.56 (āˆ’ā€‰6.46, āˆ’ā€‰2.67)

0.32

āˆ’ā€‰4.48 (āˆ’ā€‰5.83, āˆ’ā€‰3.12)

āˆ’4.85 (āˆ’ā€‰6.39, āˆ’ā€‰3.31)

0.71

HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl

ā€ƒModel 1

1.27 (0.60, 1.94)

1.32 (0.72, 1.93)

2.17 (1.43, 2.90)

1.39 (0.76, 2.02)

0.42

1.61 (1.17, 2.06)

1.44 (0.93, 1.94)

0.61

ā€ƒModel 2

1.66 (0.94, 2.37)

1.34 (0.77, 1.91)

2.01 (1.31, 2.70)

1.12 (0.47, 1.77)

0.56

1.71 (1.25, 2.16)

1.31 (0.80, 1.82)

0.27

ā€ƒModel 3

1.80 (1.00, 2.59)

1.35 (0.79, 1.92)

1.99 (1.29, 2.70)

0.99 (0.30, 1.67)

0.34

1.69 (1.21, 2.17)

1.33 (0.78, 1.88)

0.37

Triglycerides, mg/dl c

ā€ƒModel 1

0.96 (0.92, 1.00)

0.93 (0.89, 0.96)

0.94 (0.91, 0.97)

0.95 (0.92, 0.98)

0.77

0.94 (0.92, 0.96)

0.95 (0.92, 0.97)

0.58

ā€ƒModel 2

0.94 (0.91, 0.98)

0.93 (0.89, 0.96)

0.94 (0.91, 0.97)

0.96 (0.93, 0.99)

0.58

0.94 (0.92, 0.96)

0.95 (0.93, 0.98)

0.30

Model 3

0.94 (0.90, 0.98)

0.93 (0.89, 0.96)

0.94 (0.91, 0.97)

0.96 (0.93, 1.00)

0.27

0.93 (0.91, 0.96)

0.95 (0.93, 0.98)

0.29

Fasting glucose, mg/dl

ā€ƒModel 1

3.86 (2.94, 4.78)

4.26 (3.29, 5.22)

4.14 (3.08, 5.20)

4.33 (3.30, 5.35)

0.52

4.84 (4.14, 5.54)

3.29 (2.54, 4.04)

0.001

ā€ƒModel 2

3.47 (2.46, 4.48)

4.04 (3.08, 5.01)

4.34 (3.27, 5.41)

4.79 (3.76, 5.83)

0.072

4.63 (3.94, 5.33)

3.58 (2.83, 4.34)

0.03

ā€ƒModel 3

3.55 (2.46, 4.64)

4.09 (3.12, 5.06)

4.20 (3.12, 5.29)

4.81 (3.73, 5.88)

0.142

4.73 (4.03, 5.44)

3.46 (2.64, 4.28)

0.01

2-h glucose, mg/dl

ā€ƒModel 1

7.57 (5.03, 10.10)

8.22 (5.59, 10.84)

7.06 (3.96, 10.16)

9.78 (7.21, 12.34)

0.37

8.17 (6.38, 9.96)

8.08 (6.04, 10.12)

0.94

ā€ƒModel 2

7.01 (4.48, 9.53)

8.21 (5.56, 10.85)

7.62 (4.63, 10.61)

9.86 (7.32, 12.39)

0.17

8.43 (6.72, 10.14)

7.80 (5.76, 9.83)

0.59

ā€ƒModel 3

7.48 (4.87, 10.09)

8.38 (5.72, 11.03)

7.23 (4.23, 10.23)

9.55 (6.82, 12.29)

0.43

8.29 (6.52, 10.06)

7.96 (5.87, 10.04)

0.79

HbA1c, mg/dl

ā€ƒModel 1

0.18 (0.15, 0.21)

0.18 (0.15, 0.21)

0.15 (0.12, 0.18)

0.17 (0.14, 0.20)

0.28

0.16 (0.15, 0.18)

0.18 (0.15, 0.20)

0.28

ā€ƒModel 2

0.18 (0.15, 0.21)

0.18 (0.15, 0.21)

0.16 (0.13, 0.19)

0.17 (0.14, 0.20)

0.51

0.17 (0.15, 0.18)

0.18 (0.16, 0.20)

0.35

ā€ƒModel 3

0.18 (0.15, 0.21)

0.18 (0.15, 0.21)

0.16 (0.13, 0.19)

0.17 (0.14, 0.20)

0.69

0.17 (0.15, 0.19)

0.17 (0.15, 0.20)

0.98

Fasting insulin, mU/L c

ā€ƒModel 1

1.20 (1.15, 1.25)

1.23 (1.18, 1.30)

1.19 (1.14, 1.24)

1.21 (1.16, 1.25)

0.82

1.23 (1.20, 1.27)

1.18 (1.14, 1.22)

0.02

ā€ƒModel 2

1.18 (1.13, 1.23)

1.22 (1.17, 1.28)

1.20 (1.15, 1.25)

1.23 (1.19, 1.28)

0.13

1.22 (1.19, 1.26)

1.19 (1.14, 1.23)

0.10

ā€ƒModel 3

1.19 (1.13, 1.24)

1.23 (1.17, 1.29)

1.19 (1.14, 1.24)

1.22 (1.18, 1.27)

0.55

1.23 (1.19, 1.26)

1.18 (1.14, 1.23)

0.06

HOMA-IR c

ā€ƒModel 1

1.27 (1.21, 1.32)

1.29 (1.22, 1.36)

1.24 (1.18, 1.30)

1.25 (1.20, 1.31)

0.55

1.29 (1.25, 1.33)

1.23 (1.18, 1.27)

0.02

ā€ƒModel 2

1.23 (1.17, 1.28)

1.27 (1.21, 1.34)

1.25 (1.19, 1.31)

1.29 (1.24, 1.34)

0.13

1.28 (1.24, 1.32)

1.24 (1.19, 1.29)

0.13

ā€ƒModel 3

1.24 (1.18, 1.31)

1.28 (1.21, 1.35)

1.24 (1.18, 1.30)

1.28 (1.23, 1.33)

0.55

1.28 (1.24, 1.32)

1.23 (1.18, 1.28)

0.07

  1. aExtreme values of change in biomarker (>3SD of distribution) were excluded; extreme observations differ according to different biomarkers- so sample size is different for analysis of each biomarker
  2. Model 1 adjusted for age at baseline, sex, use of medications that affect the dependent variable at baseline and/or visit2, baseline levels of the dependent variable, and elapsed time between visits
  3. Model 2 further adjusted for baseline household income, education, employment status, Hispanic/Latino background, field center, and nativity status, smoking, alcohol consumption, health insurance status, healthcare utilization, self-reported health, diet quality, change in health insurance, baseline BMI and waist-hip ratio (except in modeling change of BMI and waist circumference)
  4. Model 3 adjusted for Model 2 covariates and sedentary time in models of MVPA or MVPA in models of sedentary time
  5. bMeeting 2018 physical activity guidelines defined using measured activity scaled to 7 days of accelerometer wear as 150 minutes/week moderate intensity physical activity, 75 minutes/week vigorous intensity activity, or an equivalent combination of both
  6. cGeometric means (95% CI) presented for triglycerides, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR
  7. Significant findings pā€‰<ā€‰0.05 bolded